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Who claimed Australia for the British crown?
Captain James Cook
Where did James Cook set foot first on the Australian continent ?
Botany Bay
Which European nation had encounters with the Aboriginals in the 17th century?
The Dutch
What is a colony?
an empire's control over foreign territories and their Indigenous peoples, often involving settlement, resource extraction
How many months did it take to arrive to Sydney from Portsmouth in 1788?
8
When was Australia claimed for the British Crown?
In 1770
Why did the British Empire need new penal colonies after 1776?
Because of the War of Independence and the founding of the United States.
What was the name of the first colony in Australia?
New South Wales
What is a penal colony?
A settlement used by an empire to exile prisoners and enforce punishment, often in remote locations
How many ships were in the first fleet altogether?
11
When did the Australian colonies became a federation?
In 1901, 1 January
What was the name of the first governor of New South Wales?
Captain Arthur Philip
Why could not the British send convicts to North America after 1776?
The American colonies became independent on the 4 July 1776.
What is transportation?
The legal sentence of sending convicted criminals from Britain
How many years of conviction did someone receive who did petty crime - like stole a loaf of bread?
7
What is the anniversary of Australia Day?
The establishment of the first European settlement in Sydney Cove.
What does terra nullius mean?
Nobody’s land/ ungoverned land. According to international law, Britain could claim and settle that country. In this case, it could claim ownership of the land.
Where did they accommodate convicts when the prisons were full in England?
In prison hulks on River Thames.
Who is a free settler?
A person who voluntarily migrated to a colony to establish farms, businesses, or new communities
How many year of conviction did someone receive who committed murder?
None, they were executed.
What was the name of Tasmania in the 18th century?
Van Diemen's Land
Why did the British think that Australia was a "wasteland"?
It was not productively farmed, in the European way,
How many years before common era did the Aboriginal arrive to Australia?
68 thousand years
What is the ticket of leave?
The convicts received it at the end of their sentence
Howe many convicts were sent to Australia between 1788 and 1868?
164 thousands