Structure
What is structure?
organization of a story's elements
what are the types of POV?
first person, second person, third person (limited & omniscient)
what is theme?
universal idea, lesson, or message explored in a work of literature
She is as tired as wet cardboard.
simile
What is mood?
general atmosphere or emotion that a text gives the reader
simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex are examples of
sentence structure
what is "voice"
individual writing style, mixture of tone, word choice, pov, syntax, punctuation, rhythm
give an example of theme
growth usually requires stepping out of your comfort zone, the pursuit of power often corrupts those who seek it, vulnerability fosters authentic connection
A forest fire was making its way along the tinderbox ridges above them, flaring and shimmering againt the overcast like northern lights.
imagery
What is tone?
author's (or narrator's) attitude--how they feel about their subject
what is a hook? give two examples
something that sparks interest in the reader. question, interesting fact, story/anecdote, bold statement, vivid description, common misconception, famous quote
What is characterization?
how an author creates, develops, and reveals the personality of a character
One winter, a monkey found a snake stiff and frozen. The monkey felt sorry for the snake and so he picked the snake up and held it to his chest to try to warm it. The snake was quickly revived by the warmth, and because of its instincts, bit the monkey with all its might. What is the theme?
even though you have good intentions, others may not
the conch shell in Lord of the Flies
symbolism
what does it mean for something to be subjective? objective? give an example
personal feelings, opinions, biases; fact regardless of personal feelings.
Vegetables taste amazing vs vegetables are healthy.
There are many ways to say I love, there are many ways to say I care abut you, many ways, many ways, many ways to say I love you.
What & why?
repetition (anaphora); create rhythm, add emphasis, make an idea stick
What is direct characterization? give an example
author tells us information
"Betty was very quiet, keeping to herself."
"Ben is a confident and straightforward person."
how is a thesis different?
it's a specific, debatable claim; a single sentence that captures the central point of a piece of writing/speech
what is hyperbole? give an example
intentional exaggeration, serving to deepen or emphasize meaning. "I had to tell him a million times."
Name that tone:
"I find the first hour of the day full of such possibility, I can't help but smile."
subjective, optimistic
define flashback vs foreshadow
present story transitions to scene from the past vs a clue/sign/warning of an event that might happen later
What is indirect characterization? give an example
Author shows traits through thoughts, actions, dialogue, interactions.
"As Betty waited to give her presentation, her palms got sweatier and sweatier."
"Josh pushed Tom to the ground with a growl."
which is best & why:
Dinosaurs became extinct for many complex reasons.
Dinosaurs became extinct because they were unable to adapt to their changing environment.
The Tyrannosaurus Rex became extinct because its tiny arms limited its ability to hunt the small dinosaurs increasingly common in its environment.
2--specific but not too narrow
what is personification? give an example
give human qualities to non-human subject. "the mood hid behind the clouds" "my computer doesn't want to cooperate"
what is verbal irony? why do writers use it?
literal meaning of what's said is different than (or opposite) what they mean. make the reader laugh; point out contradictions, hypocrisies, or absurdities; imply a meaning beyond the literal meaning; undermine the significance of/poke fun at an overused phrase/word