Lack of emotional "Stability"
Two types of stability
What is Static? (The initial tendency of an object to return to equilibrium when displaced)
What is Dynamic? (The tendency over time of an object to return to equilibrium when displaced)
Your instructor is probably saying this to you repeatedly on take off in order to counter Left turning tendencies.
What is RIGHT RUDDER!!!!!!!!!
In reference to a Stall, the point at which the airflow separates is called the _______ ______ __ ______
What is the critical Angle of Attack?
2 Types of Ailerons
What are Differential and Frise
Benefits of flaps:
Decreased stall speed caused by being further from the critical AOA for a given airspeed
1) ______ takeoff distance
2) _______ approach speed
3) ______ landing distance
What is Reduced?
Aircraft stability affects
_____The ability of an aircraft to withstand load factor
_____The response the aircraft has to pilot control inputs
What is Maneuverability
What is Controllability
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xr0NYTwac5o&list=PLKGcDgymP_oYkMrMNcc04gr6JMru4E2xH&index=7
Propeller rotation causes airflow behind the prop to spiral
Airflow strikes the left side of the vertical stabilizer causing a yaw to the left
What is Spiraling Slipstream?
When an airfoil exceeds the critical AOA it ____ _____.
-Induced drag increases on the wing with increased CL
-Differential drag causes a yaw in the opposite direction of aileron deflection
-Occurs anytime the ailerons are deflected (roll into turns, roll out of turns, correcting for turbulence, etc.)
- Corrected with rudder
Flaps also cause an increase in _____ drag
What is parasite (form)?
This type of Stability is dependent upon the location of the wing (center of pressure) and the CG
Longitudinal Stability (pitching)
The following describes this left turning tendency:
Newton’s 3rd law – For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
If the prop rotates clockwise (action) the airplane rolls counterclockwise (reaction)
Causes a left yaw during the takeoff roll due to increased friction on the left main landing gear
What is Torque?
Stall speed is affected by these 3 things.
What is weight, Center of Gravity, and load factor?
Controls Pitch
-Attached to the trailing edge of the horizontal stabilizer
-Deflecting the elevator changes the chord line and camber of the horizontal stabilizer
-Changing the chord line and the camber changes the CL
-According to the lift equation, when CL is changed, the aerodynamic force is changed and therefore increasing or decreasing the amount of tail downforce
-Increasing TDF cause a nose up moment and decreasing TDF causes a nose down moment
What is the Elevator?
Name 4 Types of Flaps
1) Plain
• Simple
• Reasonable increase in lift and drag
2) Split
• Simple
• Increases drag more than lift
3) Slotted
• Gap between trailing edge of the wing and the leading edge of the flap
• Gap allows high pressure, high energy air to flow onto the upper surface of the flap
• Delays airflow separation on the upper surface (stall)
4) Fowler
• Wing “grows” in surface area
• Increases lift by increasing the size of the wing
5) Slotted Fowler
• Combines slotted and fowler flaps
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f43gy-4LuS8&list=PLKGcDgymP_oYkMrMNcc04gr6JMru4E2xH&index=8
The outside wing in a turn travels a greater distance in the same amount of time as the inside wing
Therefore, the outside wing is moving faster and producing more lift
This causes the airplane to continue the bank angle steeper and steeper
More noticeable at steeper bank angles and slower aircraft speeds
Corrected with the use of opposite aileron deflection
What is Overbanking Tendency?
The following describes this turning tendency:
When the airplane is flown at a positive AOA the airflow through the prop disk is faster for the descending blade
The descending blade “sees” a greater velocity and therefore produces more “lift” (thrust) than the ascending blade
This shifts the center of thrust to the right side of the prop disk
Asymmetric thrust from the right side of the prop disk causes a yaw to the left (rudder used to correct)
Stronger at high power and high AOA (slow airspeed)
What is P Factor?
In a Cirrus, use of CAPS is the only approved recovery method. Other aircraft use different spin recover techniques that usually include (Acronym).
P.A.R.E
1) Power Idle- Power on typically results in a more aggressive spin and a flatter spin
2)Ailerons Neutral- Using opposite aileron aggravates the spin by increasing AOA on the wing that is more stalled even more. Causes even more differential lift and differential drag
3) Rudder Full Opposite - Rudder is used to stop rotation
4) Elevator Forward- Attempting to reduces the AOA of the wings to below the critical AOA
Controls Roll
-Attached to the trailing edge of each wing typically at or near the wingtips (greater arm/moment for greater
effectiveness)
-Move in opposite directions of each other to change the CL of each wing
Example: To bank left the left ____ moves up to reduce lift and the right ____moves down to increase
lift
This causes the center of lift of the aircraft to move to the right and provides a force to roll the airplane to
the left
What are Aielrons?
Elevator trim tab aerodynamically “flies” the elevator in a deflected position by moving in the _____ direction
of the elevator to balance the aerodynamic forces.
What is opposite?
These 3 things aid _____ stability
Dihedral- A slight upward angle of the wings from root to tip
Keel Effect- High wing airplanes have more weight below the wings
Overbanking Tendency
What is Lateral Stability (rolling)?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVE-MUeLkS4&list=PLKGcDgymP_oYkMrMNcc04gr6JMru4E2xH&index=5
The following applies to this turning tendency:
A force applied to a spinning object will be felt 90* in the plane of rotation
The propeller acts like a gyro when pitch changes
A pitch down has the effect of “pushing” on the top of the prop which is felt and acts on the right side of the prop causing a yaw to the left and vice versa
What is Gyroscopic Precession?
The Phases of a spin Include
What are:
1. Incipient Phase
2. Developed Phase
3.Recovery Phase
Controls Yaw
Attached to the trailing edge of the vertical stabilizer
Moves left or right to create a change in chord line and camber of one side of the vertical stabilizer
This causes CL to change and causes an aerodynamic force to exist which pushes the vertical stabilizer in one direction and causes the aircraft to yaw in the other direction
What is Rudder?
These panels extend upward from the upper surface of the wing.
Used to increase drag to decelerate or increase descent rate (speed brakes) or to reduce lift after landing to increased wheel brake effectiveness.
What are spoilers?