HYPOXIA
This kind of hypoxia is caused by a lower partial pressure of O2 as altitude increases.
What is hypoxic hypoxia?
This law states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of partial pressures of each gas in the mixture?
What is Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure?
PT = P1 + P2 + P3+ …
This is the element that builds up to cause decompression sickness.
What is Nitrogen (N)?
*Why? Nitrogen left in the tissues & body fluids need somewhere to go during rapid decompression, which leads to N expansion and build up in the body*
All the places trapped gases can occur.
What is: middle ear, sinuses, teeth, GI tract, and the lungs?
This process allows airliners to maintain a stable cabin altitude regardless of aircraft altitude, sustaining a constant PSI differential of 8-9 PSI within the aircraft.
What is Isobaric Control?
*Isobaric Differential: cabin altitude remains constant until a selected cruise altitude is reached, where it then maintains a set pressure differential.
This type of hypoxia occurs because the blood's oxygen carrying capacity is reduced.
What is hypemic hpoxia?
At this level, the partial pressure of oxygen drops from 760 mmHg to approximately 380 mmHg.
What is FL 180?
This is the type of DCS that is more severe, potentially leading to the death of the effected individual.
What is Type 2 DCS?
*What are the conditions under Type 1? Type 2?*
A feeling of fullness in the ear, pain, and muffled hearing are symptoms of this condition.
What is an ear block?
This is a necessary treatment for decompression sickness.
What is a hyperbaric chamber?
*How do they work? The pressurized chamber is filled with O2, which reduces volume & size of N bubbles in the body*This type of hypoxia occurs in the utilization phase of the respiratory cycle.
What is histotoxic hypoxia?
This law is commonly associated with DCS, as it explains why Nitrogen leaves bodily tissues to form bubbles.
What is Henry's Law?
(P1/P2) = (A1/A2)
*The amount of gas in a solutions varies directly with the partial pressure of gas over the solution*
These forms of DCS occur when:
1. Nitrogen builds up in the joints, causing pain that may worsen with movement.
2. Nitrogen builds up under the skin, causing a purple-red rash.
What are The Bends (Arthropathy) and Skin manifestations (Cutaneous) DCS?
A sharp feeling of pain in one tooth is a common symptom of this condition.
What is Barodontalgia (trapped gas in a tooth)?
These are four occurrences that increase aircraft susceptibility to unplanned decompression incidences.
What are aircraft age, quality of inspections, number of Pressurization cycles, and higher pressure differentials?
The presence of CO (carbon monoxide), such as in a cabin fire, commonly leads to this kind of hypoxia.
What is hypemic hypoxia?
This law is the basis of which bodily activities operate (ex: respiration and oxygen transfer, circulatory waste removal, etc.)
What is the Law of Gaseous Diffusion?
*In what direction does gaseous concentration flow?*
Symptoms, such as tingling or weakening, on one side of the body, commonly points to this condition as the cause.
What is Central Nervous System (CNS) DCS?
*N bubble formation in the brain, spinal cord, or the peripheral nerves. What are some symptoms of each of these subcategories?*
Consuming a large amount of foods with this nutrient can increase your chances of experiencing in-flight GI pain and discomfort.
What is fiber?
The Situation: An aviator is suffering from hypoxic hypoxia, experiencing symptoms such as air hunger and hyperventilation; the pilot is put on supplemental O2. Even on the oxygen, symptoms such as tetany and shortness of breath continue.
The condition suffered by the pilot is known as:
What is hypocapnia?
*Remember, hypocapnia is a side effect of hyperventilation despite the fact that symptoms can mirror those present with hypoxia!*
This phenomenon occurs when supplemental oxygen is applied to a hypoxic individual, often causing the affected aviator's symptoms to worsen temporarily.
What is Oxygen Paradox?
This law states that at constant temperature, the volume of gas varies inversely to its pressure.
What is Boyle's Law?
(P1)(V1) = (P2)(V2)
Symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and a non productive cough (dry hacking) are all symptoms of this condition.
What is The Chokes (cardiopulmonary) DCS?
Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and arterial gas embolism are all possible bodily effects when one develops this condition.
What is Pulmonary Barotrauma (trapped gas in the lungs)?
What heights outline the upper and lower limits of the Physiological Zone in the atmosphere?
Sea level (760 mmHg) to 10,000 ft (522 mmHg)
*Know the levels & physiological divisions of the atmosphere*