Atmospheric Composition
What percentage of the atmosphere is Nitrogen?
78%
Air traffic controllers always state the wind direction in terms of which “ North”?
Magnetic North
When water moves states from Vapor to Ice
Deposition
What is a microburst?
A concentrated severe downdraft known as a downburst with horizontal dimensions.
What is a trough and how is it depicted on a surface analysis chart?
An elongated region of low pressure, depicted as an orange dashed line.
You are flying a jet at 55,000 ft, which level of the atmosphere are you flying?
Stratosphere
Decode the METAR Code:
PK WND 09020/ 0350
Peak winds out of 090 at 20 knots at 0350z
What is relative humidity?
The saturation computed by taking the ratio of Vapor Pressure and Saturation Vapor Pressure and multiplying it by 100. Expressing the amount of water vapor actually present as a percentage of the amount required for saturation.
When do aircraft produce the most wake turbulence?
Heavy, Clean, slow
What is this Symbol **
Light Snow
in Percentage, how much of the sun's radiation is absorbed by the Earth?
51%
What are three causes of wind?
Pressure Gradient Force
Coriolis Force
Friction Force
What are the requirements for cloud formation?
Water vapor
Condensation Nuclei
Cooling action
What are the three different AIRMETs and their associated weather?
Tango - Turbulence
Zulu - Icing
Sierra - Mountain Obscuration ( LIFR)
Where are the World Aera Forecast Centers located
Washington DC, USA and London England
You have just taken off from an airport at sea level on a standard day. You climb 32,000 ft, what is the Outside Air Temperature? (Assume standard lapse rate)
-49 degrees C
Air rises at the equator and flows t the poles, but this branch of circulation only reaches 30˚N latitude before the air sinks. Which branch of circulation is described?
Hadley Cell
Pneumatic De-ice Boots , Weeping Wings , Bleed Air Heated Surfaces are all examples of what?
De-icing equipment
During departure, under conditions of suspected low-level wind shear, a sudden decrease in headwind will cause
a loss in airspeed equal to the decrease in wind velocity.
Decode the excerpt from the Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast for OKC at 390000 ft
FT 3000 9000 12000 24000 39000
OKC 9900 2018+00 2130-06 2361-30 830558
Wind 330 at 105 knots temp -58 C
Calculate the Pressure Altitude at an air field that has a 1900ft field elevation. When the altimeter setting is 31.20?
620ft
List three characteristics of Monsoon Circulation
A macroscale wind pattern
Low level winds in the summer monsoon flow from the ocean to the continents
Continental size, shape and latitude effect the predominance of the monsoon effects
Calculate the Freezing Level if the surface temperature is 37 degrees Celsius.
18,500 ft
How do Low-level Wind Shear Alert Systems ( LLWAS) work? And what kinds of airports have LLWAS?
LLWAS continuously monitors surface winds around remote places at an airport and communicates the information to a computer. That computer evaluates the wind differences and determines if the differences are great enough to warrant a Low Level Wind shear warning. Larger airports are usually equipped with LLWAS.
Decode the TAF below:
TAF KIND 271733Z 2718/2824 16016G25KT P6SM VCSH SCT080 BKN100 FM271900 18020G28KT P6SM VCTS BKN040CB
TEMPO 2719/2720 28025G35KT 2SM +TSRA BKN020CB
FM272000 15020G30KT 4SM -RA BR BKN080
FM280000 17015G25KT P6SM VCSH BKN040 WS020/19045KT
KIND airport on the 27th 1800z till the 28th at 2400z winds are 160 16 kts Gusting 25 knots, vis plus 6 SM showers in the vicinity clouds are scattered at 8000 ft Broken at 10000 ft.
From the 27th at 1900 winds 180 20 knots gusting 28kts vis plus 6SM Thunderstorms in the vicinity cumulonimbus cloud broken at 2000 ft
Temporary update from 1900- 2000 on the 27th winds will be 280 25kts Gusting 35 knots vis 2 SM heavy thunderstorm cumulonimbus cloud broken at 2000 ft
From 27th at 2000 winds are 150 20kts G 30 knts vis 4SM light rain, mist, broken 8000 ft
From the 28th at 0000z winds 170 at 15 kts gust 25 kts vis plus 6SM showers int he vicinity and clouds are broken at 4000 Wind shear at 2000 ft from 190 degrees at 45 kts