Different Benefits of Fermented goods
What are probiotics and how do they help the human microbiome?
Probiotics are living microorganisms that can later occupy a host/environment to provide beneficial effects and combat pathogens.
Acts as food, and decomposer, assists in nutrient cycling, and may clean ecosystems
What is Pandemic disease?
Worldwide epidemic.
What are the two cycles involved with the multiplication of bacteriophages?
Lytic cycle and Lysogenic cycle.
What is the Biosynthesis of DNA viruses?
DNA viruses replicate their DNA in the nucleus of the host using viral enzymes. Synthesize capsid in the cytoplasm using host cell enzymes
What are prebiotics and how do they differ from probiotics?
Prebiotics are compounds that act as food for beneficial microbes (typically indigestible fibers). They differ from probiotics because prebiotics are a food source for probiotics.
What is Composting?
Arranging organic waste to promote microbial degradation.
What is Sporadic disease?
A disease that occurs only occasionally.
What is the Lytic cycle?
Phage causes lysis and death of the host cell.
Papillomavirus?
Causes warts. Can transform cells and cause cancer.
What are soft and hard cheeses ripened by?
Hard cheeses are ripened by lactic acid bacteria. And Soft cheeses are ripened by Penicillium fungi on the surface.
What is Bioaugmentation?
Addition of specific microbes to degrade a pollutant.
What is Endemic disease?
A disease constantly present in a population.
What is the Lysogenic cycle?
Phage DNA is incorporated into the host DNA. Phage conversion. Specialized transduction.
Human papilloma virus (HPV)?
Transmission is primarily through skin-to-skin or skin-to-mucosa contact
What are the benefits of ingesting fermented foods?
Improve gut health • Improve immunity • Contribute to anti-aging • Regulate weight
What is Bioremediation?
Use of microbes to detoxify or degrade pollutants Enhanced by nitrogen -phosphorous fertilizer
What is Epidemic disease?
A disease acquired by many people in a given area in a short time.
Stages of the Lytic Cycle?
1. Attachment: phage attaches by the tail fibers to the host cell. 2. Penetration: phage lysozyme opens the cell wall; tail sheath contracts to force the tail core and DNA into the cell.3. Biosynthesis: production of phage DNA and proteins 4. Maturation: assembly of phage particles 5. Release: phage lysozyme breaks the cell wall
What is Herpesviridae and how many versions are there?
Double-stranded DNA, envelope. There are 6 versions.• HHV-1 and HHV-2-Simplexvirus; cause cold sores • HHV-3-Varicellovirus; causes chickenpox • HHV-4-Lymphocryptovirus; causes mononucleosis • HHV-5-Cytomegalovirus • HHV-6 and HHV-7-Roseolovirus • HHV-8-Rhadinovirus; causes Kaposi’s sarcoma
Sauerkraut vs Kimchi. Which is more beneficial to ingest and why?
Fermented cabbage dishes are high in antioxidants, and beneficial vitamins/minerals. Richest sources of probiotics, kimchi has slightly more due to added vegetables
What are the products of industrial microbiology?
Xanthan gum, Amino acids, Citric acid, Enzymes, Vitamins, Pharmaceuticals, Vaccines, Steroids.
The stages of development of disease.
1) Incubation period: interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms 2. Prodromal period: short period after incubation; early, mild symptoms 3. Period of illness: disease is most severe 4. Period of decline: signs and symptoms subside 5. Period of convalescence: The body returns to its predeceased state.
What are the stages of the Lysogenic cycle?
Lysogeny: phage remains latent • Phage DNA incorporates into host cell DNA • Inserted phage DNA is known as a prophage • When the host cell replicates its chromosome, it also replicates prophage DNA • Results in phage conversion-the host cell exhibits new properties • Specialized transduction • Specific bacterial genes transferred to another bacterium via a phage • Changes genetic properties of the bacteria.
Poxviridae?
Double-stranded DNA enveloped • Cause skin lesions • Vaccinia and smallpox viruses (Orthopoxvirus ) • Contagious by household contact • Eradicated due to successful vaccine