People
Muslim leader during the Second and Third Crusades
Saladin
A movement for religious reform
Reformation
Who called for a Holy War?
Urban II
How many Europeans died from the plague
25 million/one third
German monk who began the Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
Felt called by God to drive the English from France
Joan of Arc
A period of great creativity in art and writing lasting roughly 300 years
Renaissance
The Pope guaranteed this to all who died in battle
Instant remission of sins/Heaven
Who fought in the Hundred Years' War
England and France
Renaissance thinkers believed Christians could and should enjoy
Was pressured into signing the Magna Carta
John I
A pardon which releases a sinner from performing a priest's penalty
Indulgence
The goal of the Crusades
Conquer Jerusalem and make it Christian
The weapon that changed the nature of warfare
The Longbow
The spirit of the Renaissance was secular, but most Europeans were...
Catholic
Invented the printing press
Johann Gutenburg
Unified body of law formed from England’s royal judges’ rulings
Common Law
When thousands of young people got involved and died
Children's Crusade
Joan of Arc helped put him on the throne
Charles VII
Luther believed all Church teachings should be based on...
The Bible
English priest who helped translate the Bible into English
John Wycliffe
Intellectual movement focused on human achievement and potential
Humanism
Were banned from Spain during the Spanish Inquisition
It's how the plague changed Europe's economy
Reduced population, stopped trade, prices rose, feudalism collapsed
Broke England away from Catholicism and named himself the head of England's church
Henry VIII