Section 3 (continued)
The spine has this many curvatures
4
A typical vertebra will consist of a body, a vertebral arch, and this many processes
7
There are this many pairs of ribs
12
The primary curvatures of the vertebral column are remnants of the original...
fetal curvature
Embryonic development of the ____ skeleton involves endochondral ossification, which forms the ribs and sternum
axial
The two secondary curvatures develop after...
birth
An abnormal lateral bending of the vertebral column
Scoliosis
Ribs 1–7 are classified as ____ ribs
true
The cervical region of the vertebral column consists of this many vertebrae
7
A typical lumbar vertebra has a short, rounded _____ process
spinous
This curve develops as the infant begins to hold their head upright when sitting
cervical curve
Most thoracic vertebrae have two facets located on the lateral sides of the body, each of which is called a ___ facet
costal
The ______ is the elongated bony structure that anchors the anterior thoracic cage
sternum
The tubercle of a rib is for articulation with the transverse process of a ______ vertebra
thoracic
The _____ cage protects the heart and lungs
thoracic
As the child begins to stand and then to walk this curve develops
lumbar curve
If the posterior anulus fibrosus is weakened due to injury or increasing age, the pressure exerted on the disc when bending forward and lifting a heavy object can cause the nucleus pulposus to protrude posteriorly through the anulus fibrosus, resulting in a
herniated disc
The last two false ribs (11–12) are also called _____ ribs
floating
Chest compressions are formed between the
nipples
True ribs are attached via their costal cartilage directly to the
sternum
An excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region
kyphosis
The tough, fibrous outer layer of the intervertebral disc
anulus fibrosus
inferior tip of the sternum is the ____ process
xiphoid
Ribs 8–12 are classified as _____ ribs
false
The sternum has the sternal angle located between the ______ and body
manubrium