Matter & Kinetic Theory (6th Grade Physical)
Sun-Earth-Moon & Solar System (6th Grade Earth)
Forces, Motion & Newton's Laws (7th Grade Physical)
Earth Systems & Plate Tectonics (7/8th Grade Earth)
Ecosystems & Energy Flow (6th Grade Life)
100

As a substance changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas, the kinetic energy (speed) of its atoms does this.

What is increases (or speeds up)?

100

Earth experiences day and night every 24 hours because of this motion on its axis.

What is rotation?

100

If the net force acting on an object is zero, the forces are described as this, and the object's velocity will not change.

What are balanced forces?

100

Heat transfer within Earth’s mantle that drives the movement of tectonic plates happens through this mechanism.

What is convection (convection currents)?

100

Non-living components of an ecosystem—such as sunlight, temperature, water, and soil—are referred to as these factors.

What are abiotic factors?

200

This state of matter has a definite volume, but takes the shape of its container because its particles can slide past one another.

What is a liquid?

200

The tilt of Earth’s axis (23.5 degrees) as it revolves around the Sun creates these annual climate patterns.

What are seasons?

200

Newton’s First Law is also frequently called the Law of this property, which is an object’s tendency to resist changes in its motion.

What is inertia?

200

The continuous movement of water through the atmosphere, land, and oceans is driven primarily by energy from this source.

What is the Sun?

200

Photosynthetic organisms like plants and algae form the base of energy pyramids and are classified as these.

What are producers (or autotrophs)?

300

Adding thermal energy (heat) or reducing pressure causes water to change state from a liquid to a gas in this process.

What is evaporation (or boiling / vaporization)?

300

When the Moon passes directly between the Earth and the Sun, blocking sunlight from reaching Earth, this event occurs.

What is a solar eclipse?

300

Newton’s Third Law states that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force that is equal in size and opposite in this.

What is direction?

300

Mountains, ocean trenches, and earthquakes occur primarily at these boundaries between giant moving pieces of Earth’s lithosphere.

What are plate boundaries (or tectonic plate edges)?

300

Organisms that break down dead organic matter and return nutrients to the soil for producers to use are called these.

What are decomposers?

400

According to Kinetic Molecular Theory, particle motion drops to its absolute lowest possible state at this theoretical temperature (0K).

What is absolute zero?

400

The daily ocean tides on Earth are primarily caused by the gravitational pull of this body.

What is the Moon?

400

Non-contact forces (like gravity, electric, and magnetic forces) act across distances through these invisible regions of influence.

What are force fields?

400

Weathering and erosion break down rock, while this process drops sediment off in new locations to form sedimentary rock layers.

What is deposition?

400

In an ecosystem food web, arrows drawn between organisms show the direction of the flow of this.

What is energy (or matter)?

500

When a gas condenses into a liquid, thermal energy is released into the surroundings because the particles are doing this.

What is slowing down (losing kinetic energy)?

500

Radiation absorbed from the Sun warms Earth's surface and atmosphere through this naturally occurring heat-trapping effect.

What is the greenhouse effect?

500

According to Newton's 2nd Law (F=ma), if you apply the same pushing force to two objects of different masses, the object with greater mass will have this relative acceleration.

What is less (or slower) acceleration?

500

Deep ocean currents are driven by differences in water density, which are caused by variations in temperature and this factor.

What is salinity (salt content)?

500

Factors such as food availability, nesting space, and disease that limit how large a population can grow are known as this.

What are limiting factors (or carrying capacity drivers)?