Atoms
What are the subatomic particles in an atom, what is their charge, and where are they found?
protons + in the nucleus
electrons - outside of the nucleus
neutrons no charge in the nucleus
Show how the H and O are combined to make water.
The two H are attached to the O with single covalent bonds.
How many times more basic is a substance with a pH of 5 compared to one with a pH of 3?
100x
What is a monomer? What is a polymer?
Polymer - a chain of monomers
How do enzymes affect the energy of a chemical reaction?
Enzymes decrease the activation energy to speed up the reaction.
Na+
What property of a water molecule allows H-bonds to form with adjacent molecules?
It is polar
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does the element fluorine (F) have?
(Be able to do this for ANY element on the periodic table!)
Protons 9
Neutrons 10
Electrons 9
Draw a sketch of a lipid molecule.
Label the parts of this macromolecule.
Lipids have a glycerol backbone and fatty acid tails.
Carbohydrates are stored in the muscles of animals in the form of what?
How are they stored in plants?
Glycogen
Starch
What can you tell about the properties of the reactants and the products in a reaction?
properties of the reactants is very different than the properties of the products
In a solution, what are the liquid and solid portions called?
Liquid - solvent
Solid - solute
A solution has a pH between 12 & 13. What does this mean about the amount and type of ions that it has?
Because it is a base, it has more OH- ions than H+ ions.
What is the relationship between glucose and starch? (Your answer should refer to its structure.)
glucose is the monomer
starch is a polymer made of glucose monomers
What are the parts of the structure of an amino acid?
How many amino acids are there?
amino group, carboxyl group, R-group
There are 20 amino acids
What is an isotope?
An atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons.
1. What is the term given for water to be able to form beads?
2. What is the term given for water to attach to the surface of other objects?
1. Cohesion
2. Adhesion
How do buffers in the blood affect the pH of blood?
Buffers prevent small amounts of acids and bases from changing the pH of blood. They keep the blood's pH constant.
Draw the structure of a nucleotide. Then label its parts.
pentose sugar with a phosphate group and a nucleic acid attached to it
What carbohydrate gives rigidity to the outer layer of plants?
Cellulose
What happens to the electrons in a chemical reaction?
Electrons are rearranged to break or form chemical bonds.
Draw two water molecules. Show the following:
* That it is a polar molecule
* How it bonds with neighboring molecules
* The partial charges of the molecule
(Answer will be on the board.)
When polymers are formed the process is called what?
Dehydration synthesis
What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fat . . .
1. In terms of structure
2. In terms of appearance
1. Saturated - single bonds with the max number of H, Solid at room temperature
2. Unsaturated - some double bonds - less H, Liquid at room temperature
What kinds of bonds are formed between amino acids?
What molecules combine to form the new molecules?
Peptide bonds
An amino group combines with a carboxyl group