Nervous System
What is the part of a neuron that protects the electrical signal passing through the axon?
Myelin sheath
What organelle is found in the centre of the cell and controls cellular functions.
Nucleus
What large blood vessel on top of the heart carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?
Aorta
What type of white blood cell produces antibodies?
Plasma B cells
Which structure within the lungs is the location for gas exchange?
Alveoli
What are the two structures that make up the central nervous system (CNS)?
brain and spinal cord
Where is the plasma membrane located in an animal cell?
Name and describe the 2 types of muscle contractions.
Eccentric (muscles lengthen) and concentric (muscles shorten)
Name 4 features of the first line of defence
Physical: skin, nasal hairs, eyelashes
Chemical: stomach acid, enzymes in tears/saliva
One the blood has been reoxygenated in the lungs which blood vessel does it go through to get back to the heart?
Pulmonary vein
What type of neuron carries messages from receptors to the central nervous system?
Sensory neuron
Describe the role of ribosomes
to produce new proteins for the cell
Why is the left ventricle muscle thicker than the right ventricle muscle?
Because the left ventricle has to pump blood to the body so it requires a thicker and stronger muscle to do so.
What do macrophages and dendritic cells do to pathogens that they encounter to help fight infection?
Phagocytosis of pathogens
What type of contraction does the hamstring undergo when kicking a ball?
Eccentric (hamstrings get longer)
What division of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary movements such as heart beating?
autonomic nervous system
Athletes tend to have more of a particular organelle in their cells. Which organelle and why?
Mitochondria because they need more energy to meet the demands of their sports
One the blood has been reoxygenated in the lungs which blood vessel does it go through to get back to the heart?
Pulmonary vein
Are all bacteria bad for the body? Give an example of good bacteria.
Describe the 3 steps of gas exchange
1. inhale air with oxygen into alveoli
2. gas exchange: oxygen moves from alveoli into the blood. Carbon dioxide moves from blood into the alveoli
3. exhale air with carbon dioxide out of body
Explain the pathway a nerve impulse follows in a reflex response for example when a person touches a hot object and immediately pulls their hand away.
Receptor → sensory neuron → spinal cord/interneuron → motor neuron → effector muscle
Name the process bacteria undergoes to replicate. Does it need a host cell?
Which blood vessels does deoxygenated blood go through to come back to the heart?
Vena Cava
Antibodies are relesed to fight infection. Describe what agglutination is.
When antibodies bind pathogens together so they can be eaten up (phagocytosed by macrophages) easier
If the half life of a hormone is 30 minutes and you start with 100ml of this hormone. How much hormone would be left after 90 minutes?
12.5mls of the hormone because the amount halves every 30 minutes