History
This approach to psychology is concerned with attention, memory, problem solving, decision making, and language.
Cognitive science or psychology
What is the process called where scientists start with a theory, form a hypothesis, collect data, draw conclusions based on statistical findings, and share results?
Scientific method
In what stage would parents be especially excited as they see their children develop motor skills?
Infancy (first year of life)
Vygotsky's Socio-cultural theory suggested that children learn through _______ where they are given verbal hints from higher-level thinking adults to solve a problem.
Scaffolding
According to the Ecological Systems Theory, this system (micro, meso, exo, macro, or chrono) directly interacts with and influences the child.
Microsystem
Psychoanalytic Psychology was discovered by this famous psychologist who analyzed dreams and the unconscious mind.
Sigmund Freud
If both of my variables are changing together in the same direction, the correlation is what?
For example, when my plant receives more sunlight, my plant also grows taller.
Positive correlation
During this stage, we notice a decline in nearly every aspect of our daily lives: vision, hearing, executive functioning, strength, balance, immune response, and resistance to temperature change.
Late adulthood (ages 60-65+)
Which thinking mistake is illustrated in this example:
When I showed my 5-year-old niece two identical short, wide, clear glasses equally filled with juice and asked her if there were equal amounts, she agreed. However, when I poured the liquid from one of the glasses into a tall, narrow, clear glass and asked her if there were equal amount between both cups, she said no. She thought the tall glass contained more juice than the short one.
Conservation
Which of the following parenting types is illustrated below:
"My parents are like drill-sergeants. They are so serious all the time and make me follow strict rules for everything. They don't even tell me they love me very often."
Authoritarian (low warmth, high control)
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a part of this approach to psychology.
Humanism and/or positive psychology
Which of the following are measures of central tendency in descriptive statistics: median, mode, range, mean, and standard deviation.
Mean, median, and mode
What is it called in middle adulthood when women's hormones decrease signaling that pregnancy is no longer possible?
Menopause
A child in the sensorimotor stage enjoys games such as peek-a-boo and pop-up toys because they have not yet developed __________. Instead, they think that things disappear when they can no longer see them.
Object permanence
In the strange situation, a child with this type of attachment would be initially upset when their caregiver left, be soothed by knowing they will be back, explores the room freely while they're gone, and celebrates upon the caregivers' arrival again.
Secure attachment
Which psychological perspective was used to explains how someone would behave in the following scenario:
"I clean up after myself because I am rewarded if I do"
Behavioralism
What is the independent variable and the dependent variable in the following experiment:
I decide to run an experiment to test if the amount of light a plant receives affect how tall it grows. I take three identical pots and plant the same seed in each. I put one in direct sunlight, one in partial sunlight, and one in complete darkness. I water the plants with the same amount of water each day. Then, I measure and record the height of the plants.
Independent variable = amount of light
Dependent variable = how tall the plant grows
Around what age/stage of development do hormones encourage the brain to rid itself of unnecessary neural connections thus resulting in greater efficiency in brain functioning?
Around age 11 or 12/adolescence
An individual in this stage would most likely be able to solve this hypothetical situation:
Chen is taller than Kathy but shorter than Maria. Kathy is shorter than both Maria and Chen. Who is the tallest?
Formal operational stage or post-formal thought (12+)
Which type of attachment is the least common and may signal that a child has been raised in a home where there is abuse, neglect, or sever mental illness?
Disorganized Attachment
This historical approach to psychology focused on breaking down experience into its smallest elements and involved describing sensations to explain perception.
Structuralism
This type of research design compares the behavior of one experimental group across multiple points across time.
Longitudinal design
What is an organism considered to be from 2-8 weeks post-conception when it forms the placenta and neural tube?
An embryo
What is it called when a child uses the following language that omits nonessential words:
"Mommy feeding baby" or "Daddy woke up go work"
Telegraphic Speech
In Erikson's Psychosocial Theory, the dilemma for children aged 1-3 years old is ________ vs. _________. This is why children of this age insist on doing things themselves.