Chemical Reactions
Stored energy of an object at rest is called what?
Potential Energy
What are the overall reactants in cellular respiration?
Glucose and oxygen
Which sugar is the direct product of photosynthesis?
G3P
Which type of signaling involves a ligand diffusing between neighboring cells?
Paracrine Signaling
Prokaryotic cells divide by what process?
Binary Fission
What states that energy transfers are imperfect and energy is lost as entropy?
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytosol
In the chloroplast, each individual "pancake" is a what?
Thylakoid
Microfilaments are built out of what protein?
Actin
A cell prepares to undergo mitosis in what stage of its life cycle?
G2 Phase
Enzymes function by reducing what?
Activation Energy (Ea)
Which enzyme is able to inhibit or accelerate glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase-1
Photosystem II is supplied electrons from what?
Which type of cell junction is characterized by "buttons" of intermediate filaments between a cell and extracellular matrix?
Hemidesmosome
Chromosomes align in a plane at which step of mitosis?
Metaphase
A reaction requires energy to build a large molecule. What can we say about ΔG?
ΔG is positive
Approximately how much ATP is formed by oxidative phosphorylation (ETC)?
28 ATP
In photorespiration, what does RuBisCO bind to RuBP?
Oxygen (O2)
Dimerization occurs after a ligand binds to what receptor?
Receptor Kinase
Meselson and Stahl provided evidence for which model of DNA replication?
Semiconservative Model
A --> B has a ΔG = 5; B --> C has a ΔG = 10; C --> D has a Δ G = -20. Will A --> D occur spontaneously or not?
A --> D is spontaneous
What comes out of the citric acid cycle per glucose?
2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2
Describe the inputs and outputs of the reduction stage of the Calvin cycle.
PGA + ATP + NADPH --> G3P
In heart muscles, adrenaline activates which type of receptor?
G-Protein Coupled Receptor
Which enzyme joins neighboring Okazaki fragments together?
Ligase