Biochemistry
These types of bonds result from atoms sharing electrons either "equally" or "unequally."
Covalent Bonds
This component of the endomembrane system is dotted with ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
This type of reaction is defined by a positive change in Gibb's free energy as smaller molecules are built into larger ones
Anabolic Reaction
This event in prophase I involves the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids
Crossing Over
This process occurs when a stressor in the environment favors/disfavors a certain phenotype, altering genotype frequencies in future generations
Natural Selection
Built out of amino acids, these organic molecules compose enzymes and motor fibers.
Proteins
This chemical stabilizes the fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer in extreme temperatures
Cholesterol
Synthesized via cellular respiration, this molecule acts as a "currency" that can be spent to do work in a cell
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Through the use of an electric field, this biotechnology sorts DNA strands by length
Gel Electrophoresis
This formula represents the persistence of genotype frequencies in a population not undergoing evolutionary change
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
These organic molecules are generally hydrophobic, as they are composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen.
Lipids
Built out of actin proteins, this component of the cytoskeleton is involved in muscle contraction and intracellular transportation.
Microfilaments
This stage of cellular respiration begins with the combination of acetyl CoA and a regenerated OAA, turning twice per glucose molecule
Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle
This type of mutation has the greatest effects when it occurs on the "upstream" end of mRNA as it prematurely terminates translation
Nonsense Mutation
This species definition relies on two different species filling two different niches/functions
Ecological Species Concept (ESC)
Taking place in the nucleus, this process creates an mRNA transcript from a strand of DNA.
Transcription
Dimerization of this receptor leads to phosphorylation of signal proteins
Receptor (Tyrosine) Kinases
This molecule is the final destination of electrons travelling through the electron transport chain and is reduced into water
Oxygen (O2)
Calculated from the portion of recombinant offspring to total offspring (times 100%), this value is less than 50% between linked genes.
Recombination Frequency
This mode of reproductive isolation occurs when two organisms have incompatible genitalia/reproductive organs
Mechanical Isolation (Pre-Zygotic)
This portion of tRNA matches with a codon to bring the appropriate amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain
Anticodon
This connecting junction is found between plant cells and forms a continuous cytoplasm
Plasmodesmata
Six of these carbon-based molecules are generated in the Calvin cycle, with one being released to undergo other metabolic processes
Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate (G3P)
In the absence of lactose, this type of gene regulation occurs when a repressor protein binds to lacO, preventing the transcription of genes within the operon
Negative Transcriptional Regulation
This type of grouping includes a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its decedents, with modern fish being an example of this.
Paraphyletic Group