B2.1 Modals of Obligation
This modal is used to talk about obligation (there are three answers, one will suffice)
What is must, need to, or have to?
For one syllable adjectives, this is how we form the comparative
What is add -er to the end?
Example: longer, higher
We use this verb tense to talk about activities related to daily life and future events in a timetable, calendar, etc.
What is present tense?
Example: I don't think my parents get on with my aunt. (general truth)
My aunt turns up at my place every now and again. (repeated action)
Next Wednesday marks our seventh wedding anniversary (calendar)
We use any of these three conjunctions to connect contrasting ideas (one will suffice)
What are although, though and even though?
Example: She's a really good teacher although everyone complains that she's strict.
People are actually more connected than ever before, though only in a virtual sense.
Even though society is more 'connected' than ever, why has it seen such a dramatic spike in loneliness?
We use these in front of nouns to make it clear what the nouns refer to, or to provide information about the quantity of nouns.
What are determiners?
Example:
A few top companies have made diversity a priority.
This modal of obligation tends to be weaker than must or have to
What is need?
Example: You must wear a seat belt. You need to fill a form. He had to pay a fine because he broke the law.
For two syllable adjectives ending in -y, this is how we form the comparative
What is remove -y and add -ier?
Example: happier, angrier
We use this verb tense to talk about activities happening at the moment of speaking or that are temporary. We can also use it for planned future events.
What is the present continuous?
Example: I am talking with my sister now. (at the moment of speaking)
We are working together on a project. (temporary situation)
My parents are arriving on Sunday (planned future event)
We can also use this preposition to connect contrasting ideas
What is despite or in spite of?
Example: Many survey respondents 'often' feel lonely despite the endless connectivity around them.
We use this part of speech to describe nouns
What are adjectives?
Example:
The yellow dog sat under the tree.
We can use any of these two modals to express mild obligations, such as recommendations, suggestions, instructions, moral obligations, etc.
What are should or ought to?
Example: Mr. Denis should install a security camera at his shop.
You ought to call the police the next time someone breaks your window.
For adjectives with two or more syllables, this is how we form the comparative
What is more + adjective?
Example: more exciting, more interesting
We use this verb tense to talk about activities that started in the past and continue into or have an effect on the present.
What is present perfect?
Example: I have found her to be a very wise woman.
We've known each other for years.
We use this conjunction to talk about what we should do to be prepared for possible future situations.
What is in case?
Example: I'll keep some pizza for you in case you're hungry when you get home.
We use this part of speech to describe action or states of being
What are verbs?
Example:
I walk to school.
I was tired yesterday.
What are can, be allowed to, permitted, or may?
Inmates can / are allowed / are permitted to / may / book the meeting room for an hour at a time.
This is the comparative for the irregular verb good
What is better?
We use this verb tense to talk about activities that have been in progress throughout a period of time
What is present perfect continuous?
Example: I've been living with my parents while I save up money.
We use this conjunction to say that something can only happen or be true in a particular situation.
What is unless?
Example: Unless they complement this connectivity with real-world relationships, they can actually end up feeling more disconnected from the world.
We use this part of speech to express emotion
What are interjections?
Example:
Hey! How are you?
We use a form of to be + this modal to express strong obligations, such as necessities, orders, rules, regulations, legal requirements, etc.
What is be obliged to and be obligated to?
Example: Residents are obliged to report any suspicious activity they notice.
Compare: Residents must report any suspicious activity they notice.
This is the superlative of the irregular verb good
What is best?
We use this verb tense to talk about repeated actions
What is the present simple?
Example: I walk to school every day.
We use one of these three conjunctions to say that something will happen only on the condition that something else happens.
What are as long as, provided (that) or providing (that)?
Example: The good news that the trend isn't irreversible as long as loneliness is viewed as a shared problem and not as an affliction to be dealt with individually.
This part of speech takes the place of a noun, or name
What is a pronoun?
Example: He/She is the best student in the class.