Organelles
Compartmentalization
Protein Pathways
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
Vesicles & Transport
100
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.
Golgi Apparatus
100
This term describes the creation of specialized spaces inside a cell.
compartmentalization
100
These ribosomes produce proteins that remain in the cytoplasm.
free ribosomes
100
These folds inside mitochondria increase the surface area for ATP production.
Cristae
100
What is a vesicle?
small membrane sacs that transport materials within cells.
200
These small structures are responsible for protein synthesis.
ribosomes
200
These structures regulate transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
nuclear pores
200
Proteins destined for secretion begin their synthesis on ribosomes attached to this organelle.
Rough ER
200
C - thylakoid
D - Grana
200
The fluid, flexible nature of this structure allows vesicles to form.
the phospholipid bilayer
300
This organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down waste.
Lysosome
300
Prokaryotes cannot perform post-transcriptional RNA modification because they lack this.
Nucleus/Nuclear Membrane
300
The process by which a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane to release its contents is called this.
exocytosis
300
What is the function of the outer membrane of the mitochondria?
selectively permeable - allows some molecules in and keeps others out
300
How do vesicles demonstrate cellular compartmentalization?
by moving materials around the cell
400
This organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
Chloroplast
400
Why is it beneficial for a lysosome to be separate from the rest of the cell?
to keep harmful enzymes contained - so they won't damage the cell.
400
Put these terms for the pathway of proteins in the correct order from start to finish: ribosome, cytoplasm, mRNA, DNA, Rough ER, Golgi, vesicle,
DNA → mRNA → Ribosome → ER → Golgi → Vesicle → Cell membrane
400
Explain why chloroplast thylakoids are stacked into grana.
It increases surface area for photosynthesis
400
This protein helps shape vesicles during endocytosis.
clathrin
500
What qualifies a structure in a cell as an organelle? (*hint* 2 things)
must have a distinct structure and have a specific function
500
Name 2 benefits of compartmentalization.
keeps processes separate, keeps ideal conditions for each organelle, allow selective entry/exit into organelle, protection, efficiency, etc.
500
A defect in the nuclear pore complex prevents mRNA from exiting the nucleus. Predict one immediate effect on the cell.
Proteins would not be able to be made due to mRNA not being able to make it to the ribosome.
500
Name one structural similarity and one difference between mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Similarity: both have double membranes, DNA, or ribosomes.
Difference: mitochondria have cristae; chloroplasts have thylakoids/grana.
500
A cell is treated with a toxin that prevents vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane. Predict a consequence.
material could not be removed from the cell or taken into the cell.