Safety + Scientific Method
How should you be dressed in a lab? There are 4 key things I am looking for!
1. Closed toe shoes
2. Hair tied up
3. Lab coat on
4. Safety goggles on
What is a homogenous and heterogenous mixture? Give an example for each.
Homogenous - mixtures are mixed uniformly throughout (ex. milk, coffee, air, gatorade)
Heterogenous - mixtures have components that are visible (ex. trail mix, salad, vegetable soup, chocolate chip cookies)
An american badger has 32 chromosomes in its body cells. How many chromosomes would a male badger have in its sperm cells?
16 chromosomes
Describe what an insulator and conductor are and give an example for each.
Insulator - Does not allow electrons to move through it easily (ex. glass, acetate, wool)
Conductor - Allows electrons to move through it easily (ex. metals: steel, aluminum, copper)
Give 2 examples for both point and non-point sources for water pollution.
Point source - sewage treatment plants, factories, power plants
Non-point source- Run off from farms, construction sites, roads, parking lots
When using fire extinguishers we follow the acronym P.A.S.S. what does this stand for?
P - Pull the pin
A - Aim at the base
S - Squeeze the trigger
S - Sweep side to side
What are 3 signs that there has been a chemical reaction?
1. Change in temperature
2. Change in colour
3. Change in odour
4. Formation of precipitate
5. Formation of gas (bubbles)
6. Formation of light
7. Something is burning
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
What is the opposite strand of DNA:
5' C A A G T C G A T 3'
3' G T T C A G C T A 5'
Give 2 examples for both renewable and non-renewable energy sources.
Renewable - Wind, sunlight, river flow, tides and waves, biomass
Non-renewable - Coal, oil, natural gas, uranium
If the producer in a food chain has 785 energy units, how much energy would the tertiary consumer have?
0.785 energy units
List 3 pieces of safety equipment used in a lab and describe how/when to use them.
Eyewash - To rinse eyes of chemicals; use for 15 minutes
Safety shower - To rinse chemicals off skin; use for 15 minutes
Fire Extinguisher - P.A.S.S.; Used on small non-human flames
Fire blanket - Used for human fires
Give an example of an element that is in the same period as Arsenic.
Thinking about periodic table trends, what element is the most reactive?
Potassium, Calcium, Iron, Cobalt, Copper, Zinc
Francium
List the 4 phases of mitosis and give an example of what happens at each phase.
Prophase - Nuclear membrane disappears
Metaphase - Chromosomes line up at middle
Anaphase - Chromosomes get pulled apart
Telophase - Nuclear membrane reappears
A freezer has a yearly energy use of 535 kWh. How much will it cost to run it for a year assuming that electricity is $0.13/kWh.
$69.55
What do nitrogen and phosphorus have in common? I am looking for two things!
1. They are both found in fertilizers
2. They both can cause algae blooms that block sunlight from other organisms
Describe what independent and dependent variables are and give an example.
Independent - the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter (ex. the amount of water a plant is given)
Dependent - the variable being tested (ex. the amount of leaves on the plant)
What is the chemical formula for trinitrogen octasulfide?
What is the name for Mn3(PO4)4 ?
N3S8
Manganese (IV) Phosphate
Draw and label the process of sexual reproduction.
Gametes (Egg + Sperm) -> Fertilization -> Zygote -> Mitosis -> Embryo
A lightbulb with a resistance of 45 ohms is connected to a battery. If the current in the lightbulb is 300 mA, what is the voltage of the battery?
V = I x R
convert 300 mA -> 0.3 A
= 13.5 V
Give an example of a food chain that goes up to a quaternary consumer. Tell me which organisms are producers and consumers (include the type of consumer).
Plants (Producer)
Mouse (Primary Consumer)
Snake (Secondary Consumer)
Hawk (Tertiary Consumer)
Eagles (Quaternary Consumer)
What are the 6 steps of the scientific method?
1. Ask a question/make an observation
2. Research background info
3. Write a hypothesis
4. Conduct an experiment/test
5. Analyze results
6. Conclusion
Draw the Bohr diagrams for an oxygen atom and ion.
Oxygen Atom - p = 8 n = 8 e = 8
Oxygen Ion - p = 8 n = 8 e = 10
List the 5 types of asexual reproduction we learnt about and give an example for each.
Binary Fission - Bacteria
Budding - Yeast
Spore Formation - Mould
Vegetative Propagation - Potatoes
Fragmentation - Worms, Sponges, Starfish
Describe what voltage, current, and resistance are and explain how they are all related.
Voltage - is what makes the electrons move through a conductor
Current - is the movement of electrons through a conductor
Resistance - slows down the motion of electrons
Slide example.
Describe how carbon moves back into the atmosphere in the carbon cycle (include 3 ways)
What happens when we get warmer weather due to increased carbon dioxide in our atmosphere? (Give 3 examples)
Carbon Cycle - Cellular respiration, decomposition, burning of fossil fuels
Land and sea ice melts -> coastal flooding
Seawater becomes more acidic -> coral reefs are harmed
Extreme weather events -> fatalities can occur