Basic of Personality
The set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that are organized and relatively enduring and that influence his or her interactions with, and adaptations to, the environment.
What is Personality
One of the three levels of personality analysis. The traits and mechanisms of personality that are typical of our species and are possessed by everyone or nearly everyone.
What is Human Nature?
Information a person verbally reveals about themselves, often based on questionnaire or interview.
What is Self-Report Data?
The degree to which an obtained measure represents the “true” level of the trait being measured.
What is Reliability?
A statistical procedure for determining whether there is a relationship between two variables.
What is Correlational Method?
Characteristics that are used to explain and predict behavior and to describe how people are different from or similar to each other. Some examples include shy and creative.
What are Psychological Traits
This domain deals centrally with the ways in which individuals differ from one another. Psychologists are primarily interested in the number and nature of fundamental dispositions, taxonomies of traits, measurement issues, and questions of stability over time and consistency over situations.
What is Dispositional Domain?
The impressions and evaluations others make of a person whom they come into contact with which serve as sources and provide for gathering information about someone’s personality
What is Observer-Report Data?
The degree to which a measure retains its validity across different contexts.
What is Generalizability?
A variable that is manipulated in an experiment to find out whether it influences another variable.
What is Independent Variable?
When personality traits are consistent and stable over situations and time
What is Enduring?
This domain focuses on cognition and subjective experience, such as conscious thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and desires about oneself and others. This domain includes our feelings of self, identity, self-esteem, our goals and plans, and our emotions.
What is Cognitive-Experiential Domain?
Information that can be gleaned from the events, activities, and outcomes in a person’s life that are available to public scrutiny which are used as sources of information about a person’s personality.
What is Life-Outcome Data?
The tendency of some people to respond to the questions on some basis that is unrelated to the question content.
What is Response Sets?
Examining the life of one person in particular depth, which can give researchers insights into personality that can then be used to formulate a more general theory that is tested in a larger population.
What is Case Study Method?
Somewhat similar to traits, these are referred to as the processes of personality (Inputs, Decision Rules, Outputs). Most involve some form of information-processing activity
What are Psychological Mechanisms?
This domain deals with mental mechanisms of personality, many of which operate outside the realm of conscious awareness. It also includes defense mechanisms such as repression, denial, and projection.
What is Intrapsychic Domain?
A type of test data method. A technique in which a person is presented with an ambiguous stimulus and is then asked to impose some order on the stimulus, such as asking what the person sees in an inkblot.
What is Projective Technique?
A type of validity. Whether the test, on the surface, measures what it appears to measure.
What is Face Validity?
A way of placing participants whenever there’s a manipulation among groups in an experiment to ensure that all groups are equivalent for said experiment.
What is Random Assignment?
A person’s interactions with situations that include perceptions, selections, evocations and manipulations.
What is a Person-Environment Interactions?
One of the five scientific standards for evaluating personality theories. A theory that provides guidance towards new discoveries about personality
What is Heuristic Value
A type of observer-report data method where observers witness and record events that occur in the normal course of the lives of their participants.
What is Naturalistic Observation?
A response set that refers to the tendency to agree with questionnaire items regardless of the content of those items.
What is Acquiescence?
An issue where it could be that two variables are correlated because in actuality some other unknown variable is causing both.
What is Third variable Problem?