Le Chatelier’s Principle
What is Le Chatelier's Principle?
What is... states that if a change is made to a system at equilibrium, the system will shift to relieve the stress caused by that change.
What is an Acid?
What is... a substance that can neutralize an acid and has a pH less than 7
What is a conjugate acid?
What is... A conjugate acid is formed when a base accepts a proton (H+). It is essentially the base with an additional H+ ion.
What is a double replacement reaction?
What is... A double replacement reaction, also known as a metathesis reaction, is a chemical reaction where the cations of two ionic compounds switch places, resulting in the formation of two new ionic compounds.
What are inter molecular forces?
What is... Intermolecular forces are the attractive forces between molecules.
How does adding heat affect an endothermic reaction?
What is... Adding heat to an endothermic reaction will shift the equilibrium to the right (towards the products).
What is a base?
What is... a substance that can neutralize an acid and has a pH greater than 7
What is a conjugate base?
What is... A conjugate base is formed when an acid donates a proton (H+). It is the acid with the H+ ion removed.
What are the general reactants and products of a double replacement reaction?
What is... The reactants are usually two ionic compounds, and the products are also two new ionic compounds formed by the exchange of ions.
Why are Inter molecular important?
What is... They determine many of a substance's physical properties, such as boiling point and melting point.
How does removing a product affect an equilibrium?
Removing a product will shift the equilibrium to the right (towards the products) to replace the removed product.
What is a strong an Acid or Base
What is... A strong acid or base is one that fully ionizes (breaks down) in water, while a weak acid or base only partially ionizes
How do you identify conjugate acid-base pairs?
What is... Identify the acid and base in a reaction. Then, the conjugate base is formed when the acid donates its proton, and the conjugate acid is formed when the base accepts the proton.
What is the driving force behind a double replacement reaction?
What is... The driving force is often the formation of a precipitate, a gas, or water, which reduces the solubility of the products and causes the reaction to proceed.
What type of intermolecular force is responsible for the high boiling point of water?
What is... Hydrogen bonding
How does adding a reactant affect an equilibrium?
What is... Adding a reactant will shift the equilibrium to the right (towards the products) to consume the extra reactant.
What is an acid based reaction?
What is... An acid-base reaction is a reaction where an acid and a base neutralize each other, typically producing a salt and water.
Can a weak acid and its conjugate base both be weak?
What is... Yes. The conjugate base of a weak acid will also be a weak base. For example, acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a weak acid, and its conjugate base, acetate (CH3COO-), is a weak base
How do you predict the products of a double replacement reaction?
What is... You predict the products by identifying the cations and anions in the reactants, then swapping the cations to form the two new compounds.
What are the main factors that influence the strength of intermolecular forces?
What is... The type of molecule (polar vs. nonpolar), molar mass, and the presence of hydrogen bonding.
How does increasing pressure affect an equilibrium involving gases?
What is... Increasing pressure will shift the equilibrium towards the side with fewer gas molecules.
What is a pH Scale?
What is... The pH scale is a way to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral, less than 7 is acidic, and greater than 7 is basic.
How does the strength of an acid relate to the strength of its conjugate base?
What is... Stronger acids have weaker conjugate bases, and weaker acids have stronger conjugate bases. This is because strong acids readily donate protons, so their conjugate bases are less likely to attract a proton back
What is a precipitate?
What is... A precipitate is an insoluble solid that forms during a chemical reaction, often in solution, and can be observed as a cloudiness or solid settling to the bottom of the container.
Why do some substances have higher boiling points than others?
What is... Substances with stronger intermolecular forces have higher boiling points because more energy is needed to overcome the attractions between molecules and allow them to enter the gas phase.