Lesson Frameworks
This classical lesson framework is commonly used for teaching grammar and vocabulary.
PPP
This reading strategy focuses on getting the general idea of a text rather than specific details.
reading for gist
This type of listening aims to get the main idea of a text.
listening for gist
This approach to teaching writing focuses on the final written text and its correct form, grammar, and organization.
product approach
This term describes speaking without hesitation, pausing too often, or searching for words.
fluency
This approach to teaching encourages students to notice patterns and rules in language through structured activities before explicit explanations.
guided discovery
Before reading or listening, teachers may ask students to guess what the content will be about.
prediction
A listening skill where learners focus on picking out particular details, such as a train departure time or a phone number.
listening for specific information
In this approach, students brainstorm, draft, edit, and revise, focusing on the stages rather than just the final text.
the process approach
This term describes speaking with correct grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
accuracy
Jeremy Harmer proposed this variation of the classical lesson framework.
ESA framework
When learners figure out a speaker’s feelings, opinions, or tone from their choice of words and intonation, they are practicing this skill.
inferring attitude
This teaching technique helps students with challenging words before texts to prevent comprehension difficulties.
pre-teaching blocking vocabulary
Story cubes, “finish the story” games, or freewriting activities are most often used in this type of writing.
creative writing
Instead of interrupting students immediately, a teacher may wait until after an activity to highlight mistakes. This technique is called…
delayed error correction
This approach often begins with a task before any explicit language input.
TBL (Task-Based Learning)
A teacher engages students in a discussion about travel experiences before reading a text about tourism.
activating schemata
This concept describes how listeners predict and interpret meaning using context and prior knowledge.
top-down processing
This approach teaches writing by showing students how different texts (like letters, reports, or stories) follow certain structures and conventions.
the genre approach
In writing feedback, a teacher might underline a word and write “WW” above it to indicate a mistake. This system is called…
a correction code
This framework challenges traditional input–practice–output by flipping the order.
TTT (Test-Teach-Test)
This kind of reading task requires students to reconstruct a text that has been broken into parts.
jigsaw reading
I regularly listen to a podcast on psychology while driving to work, and develop this sub-skill.
extensive listening
In teaching writing, this often-overlooked element balances between too much teacher control (stifling originality) and too little (causing confusion).
scaffolding
Using menus, tickets, podcasts, or videos in class to make speaking practice more natural is an example of using what type of material?
authentic material