High warmth + high control parenting style.
What is Authoritative?
Infant cries when caregiver leaves but calms when they return.
What is Secure attachment?
Turning head when cheek is touched.
What is Rooting?
Most babies begin walking around their first birthday; what type of development does walking represent?

A gross motor milestone.
Hormone linked to bonding.
What is Oxytocin?
Low warmth + high control parenting style.
What is Authoritarian?
The infant ignores the caregiver upon return.
What is Avoidant?
Throwing arms out when startled.
What is Moro reflex?
Why do most babies crawl before they walk?
Because motor development follows a predictable sequence as muscles strengthen and coordination improves.
Why is sleep important for brain development?
Memory consolidation & growth.
Child is impulsive and struggles with boundaries. Which parenting style likely?
What is Permissive?
Infant clings and resists comfort.
What is Resistant (Ambivalent)?
Grasping finger placed in palm.
What is Palmar grasp?
Development that moves from head to toe explains why babies control their neck muscles before their legs; what is this pattern called?
Cephalocaudal development.
Babies show early understanding of what basic concept?
Cause and effect.
Low warmth + low control.
What is Neglectful?
Attachment style linked to inconsistent or frightening caregiving.
What is Disorganized?
Why do reflexes fade?
Voluntary motor control develops.
Babies can control their arms before their fingers because development moves from the center of the body outward; what is this principle called?
Proximodistal development.
Why does skin-to-skin contact matter?
Builds bonding & regulates stress.
Why does authoritative parenting often lead to better emotional regulation?
Because structure + support build independence and self-control.
Long-term impact of secure attachment.
Healthy relationships & emotional regulation.
Why are reflexes important for survival?
Help feeding, protection, neurological health.
Although babies typically follow the same developmental sequence, why might one child walk at 10 months while another walks at 14 months?
Because genetics, environment, and individual brain maturation influence the rate of development, even though the sequence remains consistent.
How does lack of sleep affect infant behavior?
Irritability & emotional dysregulation.
A parent says, “I love you and I want what’s best for you. That’s why there are clear rules in this house. If you break them, there will be consequences — and we’ll talk about what happened afterward.”
Question:
Identify the parenting style AND explain why it is not authoritarian.
Authoritative.
Explanation:
There is warmth + structure. The parent explains consequences and maintains emotional support, unlike authoritarian parenting which emphasizes obedience without discussion.
An infant becomes extremely distressed at separation and remains angry upon reunion; what attachment style is demonstrated and what belief about caregivers may be forming?
Resistant (ambivalent) attachment, reflecting the belief that caregivers are inconsistent and unreliable.
If a 7-month-old infant still displays a strong Moro reflex, what might this indicate about neurological development?

It may suggest delayed neurological maturation because primitive reflexes should fade as voluntary motor control develops.
If a 15-month-old child has not begun walking but shows strong muscle tone and normal cognitive development, why might this not immediately indicate a developmental disorder?
Because developmental milestones vary in timing, and as long as the child follows the typical sequence of development, slight delays can fall within the normal range.
Why are babies considered “little scientists”?
They test predictions about the world.