Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
This macromolecule is made up of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes sulfur.
What is proteins?
During gel electrophoresis DNA travels towards which end?
Positive end due to DNA's negative charge
This department ensures all governmental regulations are followed, and maintains proper documentation.
What is quality assurance?
A solution with a pH of 5.0 is how many times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 8.0?
1000
Antibiotics are only effective against this type of microorganism.
What is bacteria?
What type of bonds hold nucleotides together?
phosphodiester bonds
cGMP is an abbreviation used in the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industry, and stands for:
Current Good Manufacturing Practices
This type of horizontal gene transfer includes the use of a bacteriophage.
What is transduction?
When preparing disinfectant a 1:35 dilution in water is required. How much disinfectant in mL is required for 3L of solution?
3L -> 3000mL
3000/35=85.7mL
This type of mutation is inheritable, found in eggs or sperm, and can be seen in offspring.
What is Germline mutations?
Gram negative bacteria are characterized by a thin peptidoglycan layer, an outer layer made up of lipopolysaccharides, and endotoxins. After gram staining they are this color.
What is red/pink?
When incubating agar plates for bacterial culture how should they be placed into the incubator?
BONUS if you explain why
Inverted / Upside down
BONUS
To prevent condensation from dripping down and contaminating the plates.
Why phase of a drugs clinical trial consists of healthy volunteers or people with the disease/condition. The primary focus is on studying safety parameters of the drug.
Phase One
You are given a 5.0 mg/mL protein standard solution, and asked to prepare a 5-step, 2-fold serial dilution to create a standard curve. After the third step of the dilution, what is the concentration of the protein standard, in mg/mL? Record the correct amount, rounded to two decimal places.
5 step -> do it 5 times
2 fold -> by a factor of two
stop after 3rd step
5/2=2.5
2.5/2=1.25
1.25/2=0.625
=0.63
What type of antibodies are proteins made in a laboratory meant to stimulate your immune system? Hint (commonly found in home pregnancy tests)
Monoclonal
What are the four phases of bacterial growth?
Lag, Log, Stationary, Death
What is the highly specific test to determine protein concentration based on a particular antigen-antibody interaction?
ELISA
The replication of DNA, in which each original strand of DNA serves as a template for a new strand, is called.
Semiconservative Replication
Calculate the volume in mL of a 50 mg/mL ampicillin stock solution required to make 700 mL of LB with a final concentration of ampicillin at 100 µg/mL. Record the correct amount rounded to one decimal place.
C1V1=C2V2
100µg->0.1mL
C1(50)=(0.1)(700)
C1(50)=(70)
C1=70/50
=1.4 mL
37 Degrees Celsius
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke are famous for their discoveries aiding in the development of cell theory using which piece of laboratory equipment?
What are the three steps of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
BONUS
What is the enzyme utilized in PCR?
(1) denaturation of the template into single strands.
(2) annealing of primers to each original strand for new strand synthesis.
(3) extension of the new DNA strands from the primers.
What are the three components of cell theory?
1. all living things are composed of cells
2. the cell is the smallest/most basic unit of life
3. new cells are produced from old cells
Calculate the mass in g of sucrose required to make 125 mL of a 15.5% (w/v) sucrose solution. Record the correct amount, rounded to one decimal place.
(125)(0.155)=19.375
=19.4
If you have DNA fragments that are very close in size, Which of the following will increase the chances for good separation on an agarose gel, so that you may visualize both bands on the gel?
Use a higher percentage of agarose (1.5 % or higher) when making the gel