Bony Anatomy
Vertebrae - Axial Skeleton
•Vertebral Column: Made up of 33 vertebrae, 24 movable and 9 fused
-list
•Cervical vertebrae C1-C7
•Thoracic T1-T12
•Lumbar L1-L5
•Sacrum (fused) S1-S5
•Coccyx (fused)
Between uncinate processes of cervical vertebrae and body of adjacent vertebrae. Can be a site of bone spur formation due to friction.
Uncovertebral joints or Joints of Von Luschka
List main 7 and their function and what they resist
Anterior longitudinal ligament
-Strong and well developed in lumbar region
-limits extension
Posterior longitudinal ligament
-Thin in lumbar region
-Helps prevent disc protrusion posteriorly
-Limits flexion
Ligamentum flavum
-laminae to laminae
-Limits flexion
Supraspinous ligament
-Well developed in lumbar region
-Terminates around L3-L4
-Reinforced by the multifidus
-Limits flexion
Interspinous ligament
-Least overall stiffness
-Limits flexion
Intertransverse ligament
-Not true ligaments
-Iliolumbar ligament at L4 and inferior
-limits contralateral flexion
Iliolumbar ligament
-resists anterior sliding of L5 and S1
List all 7 extrinsic muscles
-which is innervated by CN XI accessory?
-all other innervated by
-trap, rhomboid minor, major, levator scapulae, latissimus dorsi, serratus post sup, serratus ant post
-upper trapezius
-ventral rami
Suboccipital Region
1. What muscle/s do extension of head at OA joint
2. What muscle/s do rotation of head to ipsilateral side at AA joint
1. Rectus posterior minor, Rectus posterior major, Superior oblique
2. Inferior oblique
1.
-Primary:
-Result in a “flexion” position or kyphosis
-anterior concave
2.
-Secondary:
-Develop through antigravity positions
-Posteriorly concave
-lordosis
1. Thoracic and sacral
2. Cervical and lumbar
1. Rib___ articulates with T6 and T7 vertebral bodies, and T7 transverse process
2. Superior articular facet of the rib, Articulates with ____ vertebrae
3. Inferior articular facet of the rib, Articulates with the ______ vertebrae
1. Rib 7
2. superior vertebrae
3. inferior vertebrae
Blood Supply
Skin and fascia are provided blood supply through _____
[These are branches of the intercostal (between ribs) and lumbar vessels]
segmental vessels
1. Intrinsic muscles are innervated by _______
2.When used unilaterally: ________and _______
3.When used bilaterally:_______
1. dorsal rami
2. Lateral flexion and rotation
3. Extension
Borders of the suboccipital triangle (3)
•Rectus capitis Major
•Superior oblique
•Inferior oblique
•Normal curvature kyphosis = _____
•Normal cervical curvature = _____
•Normal lumbar curvature = _______
1. 20-45 degrees
2. 20-40 degrees
3. 40-60 degrees
What 2 things are unique to the lumbar spine?
L5 articulates with S1 to create the
1.Accessory process: Multifidus attachment
2.Mamillary process: Multifidus attachment
- lumbosacral angle
Ligament of Lumbar Spine is _____
•Transverse process of L4/L5 to the iliac crest
•Maintains alignment of L5 on the sacrum during various movements
Iliolumbar ligament
Intrinsic-Superficial Layer
2muscles
•Bilateral: Extension
•Unilateral: Side bending and rotation of the head ipsilaterally
• Origin?: (3)
1. Splenius capitus and Splenius cervicis
3. Nuchal Ligament, Mastoid process, Lateral aspect of cervical spine
Within the suboccipital triangle (2)
1. Vertebral artery
[Region after traveling superior through vertebral foramen of C2. Continue superiorly to supply spinal cord and brain]
2. Suboccipital nerve
[Made up of dorsal ramus of C1, Innervation to the suboccipital muscles]
Vertebrae Joints
Cervical:
plane? movement?
Thoracic:
plane? movement promotes/reduces?
Lumbar:
plane? movement it promotes/reduces?
1.
45-degree angle from horizontal
Permits flexion/extension
Reduced rotation
2.
frontal plane
Side bending present, limited by ribs
rotation
3.
sagittal plane
Promotes flexion and extension
Reduced rotation
1. Cervical and lumbar discs are ____ ____
^^ Regions are ____ susceptible to herniation
2. Thoracic discs are relatively ____ and uniform in shape
3. Disc has two components ______ and _______
1. thicker anteriorly, more
2.thinner
3.
Anulus fibrosus: outer
Nucleus pulposis: gel inner
Ligaments of Cervical Spine
1. ______ = Superior extension of PLL in cervical spine
2.______ = Superior thickening of supraspinous ligament
3. ______ = Holds C1 against C2
4. _____ = Reduces lateral flexion between the occiput and C2
2.
3.
4.
1. Tectorial Membrane
2. Nuchal Ligament
3. Transverse Ligament
4. Alar Ligament
Intermediate: Erector Spinae muscles
1- Lateral to medial?
2- what are origins for each?
1.
Iliocostalis --> longissimus --> spinalis
2.
Iliocostalis: Cervicis, Thoracis, and Lumborum
longissimus: Capitis, Cervicis, and Thoracis
spinalis: Capitis, Cervicis and, Thoracis
Which nerve is just outside the suboccipital triangle?
Greater occipital nerve
C1: Atlas facilitates ____
-unique property
C2: Axis facilitates ______
-unique property
1. flexion/extension (yes)
-no body, no spinous process
2. rotation (no)
-DENS that articulates with C1
Sacrum
1. Four pairs of anterior foramina for ________ rami
2. Four pairs of posterior foramina for ________ rami
3. _____ is the continuation of the vertebral canal to the inferior portion of the sacrum
1. ventral rami
2. dorsal rami
3. Sacral hiatus
What has Nolan been waiting for ?
Victoria secret magazine and creed to come to ATL
Intrinsic - Deep layer
superficial --> inferior
most prominent?
Transversospinalis layers
-Semispinalis [cervical]--> Multifidus [lumbar]--> Rotatores [thoracic]
#Team sohl or #team slaton?
#teamslaton