Layers of the Earth
Temperature, density and pressure all do this as you travel from the surface toward the center of Earth.
What is increase?
All of Earth's landmasses were once joined in this most recent supercontinent.
What is Pangaea?
This is the process that breaks rock down.
What is weathering?
This occurs when two plates slide past each other or run into each other.
What is an earthquake?
This is the approximate age of Earth.
What is 4.6 billion years? (4.5)
This is the only liquid layer of Earth's interior.
What is the outer core?
Landmasses move because of this circular flow of fluid within the mantle.
What is convection?
Deltas are formed by this constructive geological process.
What is deposition?
This most deadly disaster can be caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, asteroid impacts or landslides. If you live on the coast - beware.
What is a tsunami?
This is a type of fossil used to date rock layers. The organism had to be widespread and exist for a short amount of time.
What is an index fossil?
This type of seismic wave can travel through solids and liquids.
What are P-waves?
This scientist is responsible for formally introducing the theory that the continents have been moving over time. He just couldn't explain how they moved.
Who is Alfred Wegener?
These landforms are caused from tectonic plates running into each other and crumpling up.
What are mountain ranges? (mountains)
Sometimes volcanoes can form in the middle of tectonic plates over these appropriately-named areas.
What are hot spots? (mantle plumes)
This geologic law states that in undisturbed rock layers, the bottom layer is the oldest and they got younger as you move toward the top layer.
What is the Law of Superposition?
This is the chemical layer that makes up most of Earth's volume and mass.
What is the mantle?
Reversals in magnetic polarity in sea floor rock and the fact that the youngest rock is found near the mid-ocean ridge and the oldest rock is found far from the ridge are two pieces of evidence that support this theory.
What is sea-floor spreading?
On a topographical map, contour lines that are very close together indicate that this is changing rapidly.
What is elevation? (altitude)
This region that circles the Pacific Ocean is home to two-thirds of the Earth's volcanoes and 90% of its earthquakes.
What is the Ring of Fire?
The Law of Crosscutting states that these breaks in rock will always be younger than the rock they cut through.
What are faults?
Scientists discovered that the interior of Earth has layers due to this bending and bouncing of seismic waves.
What is reflection and refraction?
These are the three causes of plate movement.
What are convection currents in the mantle, ridge push and slab pull?
This type of valley forms when a continental plate is slowly torn in two. Death Valley is an example.
What is a rift valley?
Most of the world's volcanoes occur in these geologic zones where oceanic crust sinks into the mantle and melts. The resulting magma then rises and breaches the surface, forming a volcano.
What are subduction zones?
This is a geologic principle that says that processes observed in present day are similar to those that occurred in the past.
What is uniformitarianism?