Dosages & Routes
What is the adult dose and concentration of epinephrine?
0.3-0.5 mg, 1:1000
Why is aspirin contraindicated in patients with active peptic ulcers, even if they’re not bleeding?
Risk of ulcer rupture
What serious cardiac side effect can high-dose epinephrine cause?
Ventricular arrhythmias
What system does albuterol primarily affect?
Sympathetic nervous system
Why is albuterol still indicated in a silent chest (no wheezing) in a patient with a known history of asthma?
May help by reopening bronchioles
What is the dose of an albuterol inhaler?
90 mcg
Why is aspirin contraindicated in children?
Reye's syndrome
What psychological side effect is sometimes seen after naloxone reversal?
Acute delirium
What is the mechanism of action of diphenhydramine?
H1-receptor antagonist
When is 2-PAM CI indicated following organophosphate poisoning?
Persistent muscle weakness or fasciculations
What is the pediatric dose for naloxone?
0.1 mg/kg
Why should naloxone be used cautiously in opioid-dependent patients with chronic pain?
What common anticholinergic side effects are associated with diphenhydramine?
Dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision
Nitroglycerin works by increasing levels of what intracellular messenger?
Nitric oxide
When is nitroglycerin indicated for a patient with dyspnea at rest and JVD?
Possible CHF
A patient weighing 25 kg is showing signs of anaphylaxis. What is the correct IM dose of epinephrine 1:1000?
0.25 mg
Why is activated charcoal contraindicated in acetaminophen OD > 1 hour prior?
Absorption is already complete
What can activated charcoal cause if aspirated?
Pneumonitis
What is the secondary mechanism of glucagon in beta-blocker overdose?
Increase in intracellular cAMP
When is calcium gluconate indicated?
Hydrofluoric acid burns
What is the total maximum daily dose of aspirin that a patient should not exceed in a 24-hour period, including EMS-administered doses?
4,000 mg
Why is epinephrine contraindicated in known cardiac dysrhythmia patients without anaphylaxis?
Increased workload causing arrhythmias
What long-term hematologic risk is increased with frequent aspirin use?
Anemia
What opioid receptor does Naloxone bind to?
Mu
When would an EMT refrain from giving aspirin even in a chest pain patient due to an indication conflict?
Suspected aortic dissection