Name the five sections of the vertebrae in order from top to bottom.
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
100
Name three ways to prevent injuries.
use proper form when lifting, stretch low back and hamstrings, work out core muscles, don't hit with your head
100
Name three things you would ask in a history.
How did it happen? Do you have numbness /tingling? Do you have a past hx? What makes it hurt? Can you wiggle your toes?
100
Name two things you would do in phase 1.
Cryotherapy, nsaids, thermotherapy, US, massage, electric stim
100
What do the atlas and the axis do?
Rotation of the neck
200
Name the two important bones in the cervical section.
Atlas and the axis
200
What is the major cause of a cervical injury?
Axial compressive loading
200
What special test would you do to rule out sciatica?
Straight Leg Raise Test
200
Describe what traction does.
Slowly stretches the neck without pain. Can be done by sitting up or lying supine
200
Name three curves of the spine.
Kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis
300
Which vertebrae are the biggest in size?
Lumbar
300
A cervical sprain usually coincides with what injury?
Cervical strain
300
Describe the cervical compression test.
Have the athlete sit on a Tx table. Push down on their head from behind. Pain running down their arms would be a sign of a cervical injury.
300
Describe what the cat and camel is.
Cat is when you arch your back (good for stretching and strengthening) Camel is when you relax...
300
How many nerves are in each section of the spine?
8, 12, 5, 5, 1
400
What is the weight bearing part of the vertebrae called?
The body
400
Name three signs of a neck Fx.
Pain in chest, cervical pain, pain in extremities, weakness in extremities, neck PT and restricted movement, muscle will be in spasm on either side of Fx site, loss of bladder or bowel control, paralysis
400
When would you do the cervical distraction test?
If the athlete complains of pain with the cervical compression test.
400
How would you do a Superman?
Begin on all fours and bring one leg up. When that gets easy, bring opposite arm, opposite leg up. Switch. Then add weights if too easy.
400
What is a thick ring of cartilage found on the outside of the intervertebral disc called?
Annulus fibrosus
500
What is the inside of the intervertebral disc called?
Nucleus pulposus
500
What is the difference between Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis?
Spondylolysis is a fracture, Spondylolisthesis is anterior displacement of the vertebrae