Cocci
A type of bacteria with a spherical shape that can also appear oval, elongated, or flattened on one side.
Cocci/Coccus
This Latin word, meaning "stick," inspired the name for rod-shaped bacteria.
Bacilli/Bacillus
This property allows certain bacteria to resist decolorization by acids during staining procedures.
Acid-fastness
This group of bacteria is characterized by their spiral shape and ability to cause diseases such as syphilis, Lyme disease, and relapsing fever.
Spirochetes
This is the smallest free-living bacterium, known for its pleomorphic shape and lack of a cell wall, making it resistant to β-lactam antibiotics.
Mycoplasma
This Gram-positive bacterium forms grape-like clusters and is known for causing pneumonia, sinusitis, and bacteremia.
Staphylococcus aureus
This classification technique distinguishes between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacilli based on their cell wall composition.
Gram staining
This bacterium is the primary cause of tuberculosis (TB).
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
This Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium is the causative agent of syphilis, a chronic sexually transmitted infection.
Treponema pallidum
The name 'Chlamydia' is derived from the Greek word meaning this, referencing the bacterium's characteristic appearance within host cells.
Cloak/Mantle
This Gram-positive bacterium is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia and typically appears in pairs (diplococci).
Streptococcus pneumoniae
This species of Bacillus causes anthrax and is known for its highly resistant spores.
Bacillus anthracis
Leprosy primarily affects these three parts of the body.
-Skin
-Peripheral nerves
-Upper respiratory tract
This stage of syphilis is marked by a painless ulcer known as a chancre, typically appearing three weeks after exposure.
Primary syphilis
This common symptom of chlamydia, especially in women, often goes unnoticed as the infection is frequently asymptomatic.
Painful urination
This Gram-negative diplococcus was named after a German physician named Albert Neisser and is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier to cause life-threatening meningitis.
Neisseria meningitidis
This Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium causes tetanus, leading to muscle spasms and lockjaw.
Clostridium tetani
This is the type of stain that is used to identify acid-fast bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae.
Acid-fast Staining
This antibiotic is the gold standard for treating syphilis at all stages, effectively eliminating Treponema pallidum from the body.
Penicillin
This bacterium, known for causing fever, headaches, and rashes, is transmitted to humans via bites from infected arthropods like ticks and fleas.
Rickettsiae
This Gram-negative diplococcus causes a sexually transmitted disease, evades immune memory, and can lead to complications like pelvic inflammatory disease and gonococcal arthritis.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Salmonella typhi causes this life-threatening disease, commonly transmitted through contaminated food and water.
Thyphoid Fever
These are non-endospore-forming bacteria that grow slowly and are often pathogenic to humans, including the causes of tuberculosis and leprosy.
Mycobacteria
This bacterium, responsible for leptospirosis, has a corkscrew shape with hooked ends and is transmitted through water or soil contaminated by infected animal urine.
Leptospira interrogans
The production of this substance by Mycoplasma contributes to damage of host cell membranes, playing a role in its virulence.
Hydrogen peroxide