the uptake of loose DNA by a bacteria cell. The DNA is able to be transformed because it is released by a dead bacteria into the environment.
200
What determines which type of organism a virus can infect?
glycoproteins (proteins located on the surface of a virus)
300
The basic bacterium contains...
cell wall, cell membrane, DNA (chromosome & plasmid), ribosomes and flagellum
300
How is viral RNA converted into DNA?
reverse transcriptase
300
What is a vaccine?
a weakened part of the virus given before infection to develop immunity to the specific virus
300
What is transduction?
transfer of bacterial DNA from a bacteriophage to a bacterial cell
300
How can a human potentially get the bird flu?
The mixing of RNA in a pig and the viral RNA is encased in a plasma membrane with glycoproteins that can bind to the human cell.
400
The basic virus contains...
DNA/RNA core and a protein coat (capsid)
400
What are some uses of bacteria?
to make yogurt, help clean up oil spill, used in probiotic therapy
400
Why is it important to take the full prescription of antibiotics?
the most resistant harmful bacteria can be left after a brief use of antibiotics. It is important to reduce the number of these bacteria through longer exposure to the antibiotic so that harmless bacteria can outcompete for space and the harmful bacteria are destroyed and can not reproduce.
400
What is conjugation?
transfer of genetic information from one bacteria to another through a bridge-like structure
400
What is the lytic cycle?
fast- host infected and then used to produce viral proteins, assemble new virus and lyse the cell and are released for more infection
500
Explain the difference between a gram-positive and a gram-negative bacteria.
gram positive= purple color - has glycoprotein layer on the outside of the cell wall
gram negative= pink color- glycoprotein layer is underneath an additional membrane- resistant to penicillin
500
What is probiotic therapy?
intentionally adding harmless bacteria to your system to outcompete the harmful bacteria
500
Why are RNA virus harder to treat than DNA containing virus?
DNA virus do not change as quickly as RNA since DNA has error checking systems in place to reduce the number of mistakes made during the replication process. RNA does not have this and therefore mutates quickly as a result.
500
How can bacteria resist antibiotics?
1. pump out antibiotic
2. enzymes which destroy the antibiotic and use it for fuel
3. proteins that bind to antibiotic and use it stop it from entering.
500
What is the lysogenic cycle?
SLow- viral DNA is incorporated into the host DNA and copied through binary fission until lytic cycle is initiated