Natural Selection & Adaptation
What causes a new trait in bacteria?
Random genetic mutations.
What provides structural support to the bacterial cell?
The cell wall
Is bacterial reproduction sexual or asexual?
Asexual
Are all bacteria harmful?
No, most are harmless or helpful.
How is insulin produced today?
Scientists insert human insulin genes
into bacteria or yeast to manufacture it.
Why do bacteria adapt so quickly?
Their rapid reproduction rate.
What is the jelly-like substance inside the cell?
Cytoplasm
What is a mutation?
A change in a DNA or RNA sequence.
What is antibiotic resistance?
The ablity of bacteria to survive drugs.
What is gene therapy?
A technique to correct genetic disorders by
adding or replacing functional genes.
Does natural selectionact on the individual or the population over time?
The population.
What is the "capsue"?
A protective outer sugar layer
Are mutations always bad?
No, some are beneficial.
What are probiotics?
Live "good" bacteria taken for health benefits (found in yogurt).
Humans are 99.9% identical in their DNA;
the 0.1% difference makes each person unique.
____________ occurs when the environment "chooses" which bacteria survive.
Natural selection
What is the cell "envelope"?
The cell membrane + cell wall (+ capsule)
What is gene flow?
The movement of genes between populations.
What are prebiotics?
Fiber/nutrients that feed beneficial gut bacteria.
What are stem cells?
Cells that can turn into different cell types to
repair damaged tissue.
When a poplulation changes ocer many generatios to fit its environmen, it is called ___________.
Evolution
Do bacteria have mitochondria?
No
What is replication?
The process of copying the DNA or RNA before division.
What is Bacteriostatic?
An antibiotic that stop bacteria from growing but doesn't kill them directly unlike bactericidal
What are GMO's?
Genetically Modified Organisms with DNA altered to
include desired traits.