The Cocci
This organism is found in the oral cavity. Destroys enamel by fermentation of sugars to acid.
Streptococcus mutans
When is Neisseria gonnorrhoaea NOT considered an STD?
neonatal cases where the newborn infant is infected as it passes through the birth canal.
What are the three types of Bacilus anthracis?
cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary
What clostridium causes tetanus in deep puncture wounds, burns, etc.?
Clostridium tetani
What is the causative agent of diphtheria (throat infection) contracted from airborne droplets?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Part of normal flora in large intestine. Can occasionally cause infections of the urinary tract, wounds, blood, appendix, and endocardium. Post-surgical infections with this organism are quite common.
Enterococcus faecalis (streptococcus)
What can Neisseria gonorrhoaea cause in infants? What is the treatment?
Can lead to blindness. Infants given silver nitrate eye drops to prevent eye infection.
Spores can germinate in food and vegetative cells produce enterotoxin; very similar to S. aureus food poisoning.
Bacillus cereus
What effects do the tetanus toxin produced by clostridium tetani have on the body?
severe muscle spasms often in the back or jaw (“lock Jaw”).
What bacteria causes leprosy?
Mycobacterium leprae
usually only a problem if normal defenses weakened (part of our normal flora). Can cause wound and skin infections, neonatal infections, puerperal infections, and streptococcal endocarditis.
Streptococcus agalactiae
What disease causes severe sepsis that displays a purple rash?
Neisseiria meningitidis
Although the infections caused b are rare, they may occur as Bacteremia and Meningitis.
Bacillus megaterium
What are the effects of clostridium botulinum?
Food intoxication when the spores of the bacteria in foods aren't killed by processing.
Spores can also germinate and produce botulism toxin.
This organism is widely distributed in aquatic environments and causes legionnaries’ diseases and Pontiac fever.
Legionella pneumophila
cause 60 – 70 % of all bacterial pneumonias. Must be encapsulated to be pathogenic (S strains have smooth colonies), which makes them resistant to phagocytosis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
infections from animal bites (dogs, cats), leading to skin/wound infections, but can result in severe issues like necrotizing fasciitis, compartment syndrome, pneumonia (in animals and humans), and systemic infections, often by opportunistically infecting trauma sites or compromised immune systems, acting as a zoonotic pathogen
Neisseria animaloris
What pulmonary disease is commonly known as the Woolsorters disease?
Bacillus anthracis
Similar to B. cereus and S. aureus food poisoning except that most of the enterotoxin is not produced in the food but after the organism is ingested and sporulates in the intestinal tract.
Clostridium perfringens
What was the causative agent of the black plague?
Yersinia pestis
Where is streptococcus pyogenes found?
throat, nasopharynx and sometimes on the skin of humans.
gram-negative diplococci; pathogenic strains are usually encapsulated and are very fastidious, requiring enriched media and growth in an atmosphere rich in CO2
Neisseria
What bacilli appears as Bacteremia and Meningitis?
Bacillus megaterium
What is the botulinum toxin utilized for?
Cosmetic treatments; Botox
causes “pinkeye” or acute communicable conjunctivitis. Hemorrhage caused by the infection gives the sclera (white of the eye) a bright pink color.
Haemophilus aegyptius