Bacterial Infections
Fungal Infections
Parasitic Infections
Infection Diagnostic Strategy
What microbe does this belong to?
100
We learned of some gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Name the gram positive bacteria.
1. Staphylococcus aureus
2. Staphylococcus epidermidis
3. Streptococcus pneumoniae
100
What are some risk factors for fungal infections?
Prolonged use of corticosteroids
corneal surgery
CL wear (poor compliance/hygiene)
compromised cornea
ocular trauma involving organic material
100
Name the 6 parasitic infections.
Toxoplasmosis
Acanthamoeba
Toxocariasis
Onchocerciasis
Demodex
Pediculosis (lice)
100
How do you diagnose preseptal cellulitis?
CBC w/differential
CT scan of orbit and sinuses to rule out orbital cellulitis
cultures to determine proper antibiotic
100
What microbe does pseudomonas aeruginosa belong to?
bacteria
200
What are some ocular infections caused by staphylococcus aureus? Please give it's gram stain and whether it is coagulase + or -
Ocular infections: conjunctivitis, anterior blepharitis, posterior blepharitis, external hordeolum, internal hordeolum, chalazion, keratitis
200
This is an infection due to common filamentous mold and can be transmitted via airborne spores. What is it?
Aspergillus
200
This is a helminth and also has the vector as the black fly. AKA "River blindness"
What is this?
Onchocerciasis
200
How do we treat angular blepharitis?
antibacterial ointment
200
What microbe does onchocerciasis belong to?
helminth
300
Which bacteria is coagulase negative and what are its ocular findings?
Bacteria: staphylococcus epidermidis
Ocular finding: endophthalmitis
300
This fungal infection can become opportunistic and is a common yeast. Some risk factors include catheters, immune compromised. Those who have thrush, vaginosis etc. What is it?
Candida
300
What type of infection is this?
Acanthamoeba
300
What are some treatments for STD conjunctivitis? (Name the STDs)
Gonorrhea: IM or IV antibiotics and topical antibiotics
Syphillis: parenteral or IV antibiotics
Chalmydia: Oral antibiotics
300
What microbe does fusarium belong to?
fungi
400
What does moraxella lacunata cause in the eye?
Angular blepharitis and infectious keratitis
400
What fungal infection does this photo indicate?
Histoplasmosis
400
This infection is from little puppies or can be in playground soil. It causes GI distress, abdominal pain, nausea. In the eye it can show uveitis, pre-retinal lesions and vitreoretinal traction. Average age at diagnosis is 8 years old. What is this?
Toxocariasis
400
How do we diagnose orbital cellulitis?
Case history and eye exam
Proptosis and chemosis, pain with eye movement, optic nerve involvement, FEVER, extension from periorbital structures
Get CBC w/differential, CT scan, culture to determine antibiotic
400
What microbe does demodex belong to?
ectoparasite
500
A black fly is a a vector for this infection and is considered to be the leading cause of blindness in the world. What is the name of infection and gram stain?
Chlamydia Trachomatis, gram negative bacteria
500
Fill in the infection that is missing:
Aspergillus, _____, Histoplasmosis, Candida
Fusarium
500
How can we diagnose toxoplasmosis in a patient?
IgG, IgM or ELISA tests and by clinical appearance
500
T/F: toxoplasmosis presents with white focal retinitis with overlying vitreous inflammation (headlight in the fog)
true
500
What microbe does acanthamoeba belong to?
protozoa