Bacterial Infections 1

Whats that Acronym?

100

MRSA

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 

200

VRE

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus

300

C. diff

clostridium difficile

400

PMC

Pseudomembranous Colitis (aka c. diff colitis)

500

HAIs

Healthcare associated infections 

600

*BONUS* CRAB

carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Name that infection

100

Can be caused by: bacteria such as streptococcus pneumoniae or haemophilus influenza (But can also be caused by fungi, parasite, virus)

S/s: high fever, severe neck stiffness, HA, N/v, photosensitivity, AMS 

Meningitis 

200

Caused by: gram positive, acid-fast bacillus 

Transmitted via airborne route usually (85%) pulmonary instance but can be in other locations (meninges, GU, bone/joint, GI)

S/s: low grade fever, night sweats, anorexia/weight loss, fatigue 

TB (tuberculosis)

300

Cause by: group A B-hemolytic streptococcus 

S/s: sore throat, fever, fatigue, flu-like symptoms

Can lead to: glomerulonephritis or rheumatic fever if not treated 

Pharyngitis 

400

Typically caused by: bacteria following perforation of abdomen, colon, appendix (can also be caused with those who have peritoneal dialysis ports)

S/s: abd distention, bloating, fever, N/V, loss of appetite 

Peritonitis 

500

Typically caused by: Escherichia coli

S/s: dysuria, hematuria, suprapubic discomfort, if infection ascends to upper organs of the system will have N/V, fever, chills, flank pain, CVA tenderness 

UTI

600

Caused by: streptococcus, also from being on a ventilator 

S/S: fever, chills, fatigue, crackles, sputum production

PNA

What's the C. diff?

100

Name 3 symptoms of c. diff?

Watery diarrhea 

Nausea

Fever

ABD pain

Hypovolemia 

200

What is a primary cause of C.diff?

Antibiotic use= normal flora is destroyed and overgrowth of C.diff in the intestine occurs 

300

What precautions do you implement for concerns for C.diff?

*BONUS* when can you discontinue the precautions?

Contact & Special precautions 

*Bonus* can discontinue if stool culture comes back negative AND if patient no longer has sypmtoms (i.e. excessive/watery diarrhea)

400

From increased GI loss what are three nursing concerns/diagnoses? 

*hint* think abnormalities/out of range values                          

Hyponatermia and Hypokalemia = cardiac arrhythmias

metabolic acidosis

hypotension

renal failure 

500

what are two primary interventions should you implement promptly to prevent complications?

1) fluid resuscitation (IV Fluids NaCl)

2) electrolyte replacement (KCl)

600

What ABX is used to treat C.diff? 

*BONUS* What should the route be (typically)?

Vancomycin

*BONUS* PO (typically)

Whats the Lab Value?

100

Normal Range of Na

135-145 

200

Normal Cl

95-105

300

Normal range for K

3.5-5.0 

400

What is considered a critically low K and critically high K

Critical low <3.0

Critical high >6.0

500

Normal BUN

5-20 

600

Normal Creatine

<1.3

Feeling Feverish

100

What medication should NEVER be given to children for fevers? *BONUS* What can it cause?

Aspirin

*BONUS* Reye's syndrome 

200

What should you do during a febrile seizure

1) Prevent self-injury (don't leave alone- call for help!)

2) maintain airway- monitor O2 sats  

300

What bodily reaction do you want to avoid when attempting to cool the body down when someone has a fever

Shivering- increased metabolism= temp goes up 

400

What are possible adverse outcomes in young patient populations who experience fevers 

Seizures and dehydration 

500

What organs are affected with Reye's syndrome?*Bonus* What happens to those organs?

Liver and Brain 

*Bonus* swelling 

600

What is a low grade fever range 

*BONUS* what is considered a true fever in ADULTS

100-101F

*BONUS* >102F