Approaches to Multicultural Reform
What is the first phase of an ethnic revival movement?
The contributions approach
What is the first dimension, and what does it do?
Content integration - deals with the extent to which teachers illuminate key points of instruction with content reflecting diversity. Integrate such content into curriculum in several different ways
What is unum?
Out of many - one
-OR-
How to create a cohesive and democratic society while at the same time while at the same time allowing citizens to maintain their ethnic, cultural, socioeconomic, and primordial identities
The Additive Approach allows the teacher to do what?
The Additive Approach allows the teacher to put ethnic content into the curriculum without restructuring it, which takes substantial time, effort, training, and rethinking of the curriculum and its purposes, nature, and goals.
What is equitable pedagogy?
Ways to modify teaching so as to facilitate academic achievement among students from diverse groups
The heroes and holidays approach is a variant of which approach?
The contributions approach
How does the Transformation Approach differ from the Contributions and Additive Approach?
This approach changes the basic assumptions of the curriculum and enables students to view concepts, issues, themes, and problems from several ethnic perspectives and points of view
Describe the second dimension: knowledge construction
Teachers help students understand how perspectives of people within a discipline influence the conclusions reached within that discipline
Name one advantage to the transformation approach
Brings content about currently marginalized groups to the center of the curriculum
It helps student understand that how people construct knowledge depends on their experiences, values and perspectives
Helps students to construct knowledge themselves
Helps students grasp complex group interactions that have produced the American culture and civilization
What is the Decision-Making and Social Action Approach?
This approach includes all of the elements of the Transformation Approach but adds components that require students to make decisions and to take actions related to the concept, issue, or problem they have studied in the unit. In this approach, students study a social problem such as, "What actions should we take to reduce prejudice and discrimination in our school?" They gather pertinent data, analyze their values and beliefs, synthesize their knowledge and values, and identify alternative courses of action, and finally decide what, if any, actions they will take to reduce prejudice and discrimination in their school.
This dimension concerns the extent to which a school's culture and organization ensure educational equality and cultural empowerment for students from diverse groups
Empowering school culture and social structure
What is the name of Ronald Takaki's 1993 book?
A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America
What is the KEY curriculum issue with the Transformative Approach and what example does the reading give of this?
The key cur- riculum issue involved in the Transformation Approach is not the addition of a long list of ethnic groups, heroes, and contributions, but the infusion of various perspectives, frames of reference, and content from various groups that will extend students' understandings of the nature, development, and complexity of U.S. society. When students are studying the Revolution in the British colonies, the perspectives of the Anglo Revolutionaries, the Anglo Loyalists, Afro-Americans, Indians, and the British are essential for them to attain a thorough understanding of this significant event in U.S. history. Students must study the various and sometimes divergent meanings of the Revolution to these diverse groups to fully understand it.
When studying U.S. history, language, music, arts, science, and mathematics, the emphasis should not be on the ways in which various ethnic and cultural groups have "contributed" to mainstream U.S. society and culture. The emphasis, rather, should be on how the common U.S. culture and society emerged from a complex synthesis and interaction of the diverse cultural elements that originated within the various cultural, racial, ethnic, and religious groups that make up American society
Research has revealed a need for this kind of education and the efficacy for it
Prejudice reduction
The contributions approach is similar to which approach from the Doucet & Adair reading
Celebrating Diversity Approach