The Enlightenment
What movement emphasized reason over tradition?
The Enlightenment
What are the names of the three general classes of society?
High, Middle and Low
What are the characteristics of a serious opera?
Fancy, elaborate, larger casts, upper class focus
What describes the Galant style?
Pleasing to all, melody-based, lighter textures w/ clear phrasing, & simple, “background” harmonies
Who was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart?
a prolific and influential composer of the classical period
What year did the American Revolution begin?
1776
What was the main outcome of the American Revolution?
US separated from the UK.
What characterizes comic opera?
For lower class (smaller cast of characters, simpler melodies, lower class triumph)
What is Sturm Und Drang?
Began as mvt in German literature in second half of 18th, Goal was powerful, shocking, & often “violent”, minor, harsh, wider range of emotion, Precursor to the Romantic Era
What is Franz Joseph Haydn known for?
He was a master in instrumental development of chamber music such as the string quartet and piano trio
When did the French Revolution begin?
1789
How many songs did Schubert compose?
Over 600
What is the structure of a symphony?
Fast, Slow, Dance, Fast
How does the Empfindsam style express emotion?
Use of “sighs” or appoggiaturas, wider dynamic ranges, some chromaticism, More ornamentation, complex rhythms, and rhythmic breakdowns
How did Beethoven influence music history?
Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire and span the transition from the Classical period to the Romantic era in classical music
What did Enlightenment thinkers challenge?
Thoughts and Emphasized reasons
Name two instruments used
Violin, Viola, cello, double bass, flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, french horn, trumpet, trombone, timpani.
Name one type of comic opera.
Opera Comique
Name the three different part from Sonata Form:
Exposition: exposed themes, harmonies
Development: develops themes, harmonies
Recapitulation: recap of themes. Harmonies
Name one of Schubert's contributions to music.
he left behind a vast oeuvre, including more than 600 secular vocal works, seven complete symphonies, sacred music, operas, incidental music, and a large body of piano and chamber music.
Name a key philosopher/quote from the Enlightenment
Descartes: "I think therefore I am"
Increased Accessibility:
Public concerts were commonplace throughout Europe, which allowed members of the middle classes to partake in the musical forms.
How does opera buffa differ from Ballad Opera?
Opera Buffa: Italy, sung dialog
Ballad Opera: England, spoken dialog
Rondo Form (5 part)
ABACA
What innovations did Beethoven bring to classical music?
musical form and expression.