Enlightenment Thinkers
Who argued that people are naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish, and outlined his ideas in "Leviathan"?
Thomas Hobbes
What term refers to the agreement by which people give up their freedoms for an organized society?
social contract
What was the event that marked the start of the French Revolution?
The Storming of the Bastille
What was the advisory body called by Louis XVI that contained members from all 3 estates?
The Estates General
How did Napoleon hide his tales of defeat during the French Revolution?
He used a system of spies and censorship
Which philosopher is known for the idea of the "general will" and wrote "The Social Contract"?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
What is the term for the rights that belong to all humans from birth?
natural rights
What event marked the peoples' (third estate) commitment to making a new constitution?
Tennis Court Oath
What body replaced the Legislative Assembly when radicals took over it?
The National Convention
What was Napoleon's law of France and what did it embody?
Napoleonic Code, Enlightenment principles
Who published "Two Treatises of Government" and believed in natural rights?
John Locke
What term describes a ruler who uses their power to bring about political and social change?
Enlightened despot
Who brought the King and Queen back to Paris, and what was the event known as?
Woman, the March on Versailles
How was the National Assembly replaced?
It wrote a constitution that created a limited monarchy and the Legislative Assembly
With what and who did Napoleon target economically during his conquest of Europe?
The Continental System, Britain
Who is known for advocating the separation of powers in government?
Baron de Montesquieu
What term describes the principle that government power comes from the people?
popular sovereignty
What event saw the death of over 1,200 prisoners?
The September Massacre
What happened to the Directory?
Napoleon helped stage a coup to overthrow it and replaced it with the Consulate
What battle marked Napoleon's final defeat?
The Battle of Waterloo
Which French philosopher famously defended the freedom of speech?
Voltaire
What is the economic system that allows business to operate with little or no government interference?
laissez-faire
What event kicked off the Reign of Terror?
Execution of King Louis XVI
What was France once the monarchy was abolished?
A republic
What country did Napoleon invade that led to his downfall, and what was one strategy used against him?
Russia, Scorched-Earth policy/Guerilla warfare