PROTEIN 1
what is the AMDR for protein?
10%-35% of total kcal
most AAs come from where?
the diet
what is protein quality determined by?
digestibility (bioavailability), AA composition (amount of EAA)
how many AAs are considered "semi-essential" ??
six!
where is protein found?
animal and plant-derived foods
what is the digestive enzyme for protein?
protease
the site where protein is absorbed?
small intestine
when it's used for energy, what gets removed from protein?
nitrogen
when proteins are exposed to ____ (hint: there are 4) it causes denaturation that changes the protein's ____
heat, acid, alkali, enzymes; 3D structure
what is the RDA for protein? and what population would this value increase for?
0.8g/kg of body weight; pregnant women, some athletes
what makes a protein source complete? and what could we do to make a protein source complete? (hint: plant sources)
contains all 9 essential amino acids in sufficient quantities; by combining different plant-based foods to ensure you are getting all 9 EEA!
what are some functions of proteins in the body? (list at least 3)
transport, fluid balance, acid-base regulators, provides energy, enzymes, hormones, structural materials (connective tissue, muscle)
what are some things that are great about plant food sources of protein?
fiber is only in plant food sources, provide different minerals (Mg, K), provide beneficial phytochemicals
what makes each individual AA unique from others?
the side chain
9; AAs that the body can't make in sufficient quantity so we get them from food
mouth, stomach (HCL), small intestine (proteases)
what are some concerns of a vegetarian diet?
bioavailability of minerals is low; protein intake may be low, need essential fatty acids, amino acids; fiber intake may be too high
what happens when a protein is denatured?
it unfolds the 3D structure
what could you do on a vegetarian diet to make it an adequate diet?
choose complementary protein sources, use plant oils with EFAs, choose fortified foods, consider vitamin/mineral supplements, variety
what elements are present in every amino acid? (hint: 4)
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
where does protein go AFTER it is absorbed?
liver via cardiovascular system (portal circulation)
list the most common food allergies (hint: 8)
milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, shellfish, sesame
with a food allergy, the body has an adverse ___ response to specific ___ in food
immune; protein
what is apart of the chemical structure of protein?
hydrogen, an amino group, an acid group, and side chain which is unique to each amino acid