Spine
What is the swimmer's projection used to demonstrate and how is it performed?
To view C7-T1
Arm closest to IR up above head, other arm down with shoulder depressed
CR Perpendicular to C7-T1 OR 3-5° caudal if shoulder not depressed enough
Which Ribs are considered the true ribs?
1st-7th ribs
The skull is composed of __ cranial bones and __ facial bones.
8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones
What is the different in CR placement for the lateral skull, facial bones, sinus, nasal bones and orbits?
skull = 2 in superior to EAM
facial bones = ½ way between outer canthus and EAM, on zygoma
sinus = ½ - 1 inch post to outer canthus
nasal bones = 1/2 in distal/inferior to nasion
orbits = at the outer canthus
What is the angle and entrance point for an AP Axial Sacrum?
15 degrees cephalad, enters MSP 2 inches superior to pubic symphysis (or 2 inches inferior to ASIS)
What is the patient positioning and SID for a PA Oblique Sternum?
15-20° RAO with recommended 30 in SID
Which paranasal sinus is located most posterior?
Sphenoid sinus
What is the CR angle and exit point for the PA Axial Caldwell Sinuses?
No angulation (0 degrees)
Exits the nasion
In an RPO C-Spine EXACTLY what is visualized?
(side, anatomy, closer/farther from the board)
In an RPO C-spine, you will see the left Intervertebral Foramina farther from the board
Where does the CR enter for a PA oblique SC joint?
Enters at T2-T3,1-2 inches lateral of MSP on elevated side
The most superior and posterior portion of the mandible is called the ___.
condyle
What line is perpendicular to the IR for the modified patietocathial (modified waters) facial bones projection?
Lips-meatal line (LML)
What is the positioning and and respiration for the Grandy method?
Grady = Lateral C-Spine
Shoulders relaxed/depressed
Chin slightly elevated/protruded
Exposure on expiration
You are reviewing a PA Oblique SC joint projection. What is the patient's position and amount of obliquity if the right side SC joint is open?
RAO rotated 10-15 degrees
Which 3 cranial bones do the zygoma articulate with?
frontal, sphenoid, and temporal
Which sinuses are best visualized in the Schuller Method?
Ethmoid and Sphenoid
If an open mouth projection cannot be performed, what projection can be done to view the dens and how is it performed?
Fuchs
Extend chin until MML is perpendicular to the board
CR is perpendicular through MSP entering just distal to the tip of the chin
A patient comes into the clinic complaining of rib pain in their back and left side. What position should you use for the oblique projection?
LPO
The AML line of the skull is important for imaging facial bones. This line extends from the EAM to the ____, which is what part of what bone?
Acanthion
Maxillary bone
nasal spine
What is the positioning error if the dorsum sellae is lower in the foramen magnum for the AP Axial Town Method projection of the skull?
excessive neck flexion