Define A in the ALCOA Principles
A - Attributable
Attributable:
Data should clearly demonstrate Who observed and recorded it.
When a k‑factor of 2 is used in a calibration certificate, what does it mean
A k‑factor of 2 means the measurement uncertainty has been expanded by a factor of 2, which typically corresponds to about 95% confidence that the true value lies within the stated uncertainty range.
What is measurement uncertainty?
Measurement uncertainty is the estimated range around a measured value that expresses how much the measurement might vary from the true value.
What has to be broken before you can use it?
An egg
👔🏞️
Thailand 👔🏞️ (tie + land)
Define L in the ALCOA Principles
L - Legible
Legible:
Data should be readable, easy to understand, recorded permanently and original entries should be preserved.
Definition of Standard deviation (in layman's terms)
(Bonus points: Write the formula)
The Average distance to the mean
(unit of Pascal)
1 Pascal = 1 Newton per square meter (N/m²)
I am an odd number. Take away a letter and I become even. What number am I?
Seven
👁🏃♀️
Iran 👁🏃♀️ (I + ran)
Define C in the ALCOA Principles
C - Contemporaneous
Contemporaneous:
Data should be recorded as it was observed and the time it was executed.
Definition of Tolerance Interval (in layman's terms)
(Bonus points: Write the formula)
A two-sided tolerance interval consists of two limits between which a given proportion of the population falls with a given confidence level
L = x̅ - s *K
U = x̅ + s *K
Accelerated aging for medical devices is based on what theory?
Accelerated aging is based on the Arrhenius equation, which states that chemical degradation reactions speed up as temperature increases.
If there are three apples and you take away two, how many apples do you have?
You have two apples.
🔔🏋️♂️
Belgium 🔔🏋️♂️ (bell + gym)
Define O in the ALCOA Principles
O - Original
Original:
Source data should be accessible and preserved in its original form.
What is the difference between a Z and T distribution?
Why is it important to take account for Measurement Uncertainty?
To avoid:
A Type II error (false negative) happens when you conclude there is no issue when in fact there is one.
A man who was outside in the rain without an umbrella or hat didn’t get a single hair on his head wet. Why?
He was bald.
🦠🅰️🦵
Germany 🦠🅰️🦵 (germ + A + knee)
Define A (the last A) in the ALCOA Principles
A - Accurate
Accurate:
Data is error-free complete, truthful and that it reflect the observation made. Editing data without logging means its accuracy it lost.
Definition of Confidence interval (in layman's terms)
(Bonus points: Write the formula)
95 % Confidence interval of the mean:
If you take 100 different samples from a population and calculate the 95% confidence interval for each sample, then statistically 95 % of the confidence intervals will contain the true mean.

Describe the difference between precision and accuracy.
(All Teams - use the whiteboard you have 2 min)
Accuracy is the proximity of measurement results to the accepted/true value.
Precision is how close the measurements are to each other.
What has 13 hearts, but no other organs
A deck of cards
⬆️🧭🚘👂
North Korea ⬆️🧭🚘👂 (north + compass + car + ear)