Language
Define phoneme and morpheme.
What is the smallest unit of sound and the smallest unit of meaning?
Define heuristic with example.
What is a mental shortcut, such as guessing based on experience?
Name two types of Gardner's intelligences.
What are (name any two:) linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, spatial, naturalistic?
Define insomnia and narcolepsy.
What is trouble falling asleep and sudden sleep attacks?
Summarize Freud's dream theory.
What are dreams that reveal unconscious desires and conflicts?
How does Broca's area impact speech?
What are controls speech production; damage causes broken speech?
When is an algorithm better than a heuristic?
When is accuracy more important than speed? (example: solving a math problem).
Summarize Sternberg's triarchic theory.
What are the three types: Analytical, Creative, Practical intelligences?
What is REM Behavior Disorder?
What is acting out dreams because paralysis during REM sleep fails?
Explain activation-synthesis theory.
What are dreams are brain's attempt to make sense of random neural firing during sleep.
What evidence supports the critical period hypothesis?
What is a genie case study shows missing the critical period hurts language development?
Describe confirmation bias and its dangers.
What is seeking only information that supports your belief, ignoring contradictory evidence?
Explain Spearman's 'g' factor.
What are general intelligence underlies all mental abilities?
How do night terrors differ from nightmares?
What are night terrors occur in deep sleep and aren't remembered; nightmares happen during REM and are remembered?
Compare Freud and Cartwright’s theories.
What is Freud = unconscious wishes; Cartwright = emotional problem-solving through dreams.
Compare linguistic relativity and universal grammar.
What is language that influences though vs. innate ability?
Analyze mental set in problem solving.
What are tendency to keep using a strategy that worked before even if it no longer works?
Compare Sternberg's and Gardner's views.
What are the difference is Sternberg has 3 intelligences; Gardner believes in many separate intelligences?
Analyze sleep apnea's effects on cognition.
What are the causes of fragmented sleep, poor concentration, and memory problems?
Analyze dream content using wish-fulfillment theory.
What is dreams symbolically satisfy unmet desires?
Create an argument supporting Chomsky's language theory.
How do children learn complex grammar without formal instruction (poverty of stimulus)?
Defend insight as a problem-solving strategy with real-life example.
What is a sudden solution such as solving a riddle after stepping away to clear your mind?
Critique IQ testing from a multiple intelligences perspective.
What is IQ tests don’t show all the ways people can be smart, like in music, sports, or understanding feelings?
Hypothesize long-term effects of sleep deprivation.
What is cognitive decline, memory loss, emotional instability, health problems?
Evaluate how dreaming might support memory consolidation.
What is REM sleep and dreaming strengthen memory and support learning?