Definitions
Broth culture
A liquid culture that contains the nutrients the microbe needs.
Which kind of microscope has the lowest magnification: TEM, STM, or a light microscope
light microscope
Gram-negative bacteria are what color when stained
red
Describe the lytic cycle
•Attachment- Viron attaches to the bacterial cell wall
•Penetration- Injects DNA through cell wall
•Biosynthesis- Cell can’t tell difference between its own DNA and viral DNA or RNA. Begins replicating its DNA and viral mRNA
•Maturation-Viral mRNA takes over metabolism of bacteria and control of cell making new virons
•Release- Eventually cell wall bursts and viruses free to attack new bacterial cells, but poor bacteria cell it invaded is dead
Strain
A subtype of organism within the species grouping, sometimes called a serotype
Endospore
A tough structure that protect a dormant bacterium and allows it to become freely living once the external conditions become suitable for life
Do bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls?
Yes
What is an acidophile?
Archaea that live in very acidic environments.
Define normal flora
Bacteria that live in a host that do not cause illness
Most of the archaea have a cell wall. Does their cell wall contain peptidoglycan?
No
Serology
The study of blood serum and immune responses
Extremophiles
Organisms that live in especially harsh conditions, such as very high temperature water, very acidic solutions, high concentrations of salt
What is the name of the major oxygen producer of the atmosphere?
Cyanobacteria
Facultative anaerobes
Organisms that can perform aerobic respiration but can switch to fermentation when little or no oxygen is present
Obligate anaerobes require large amounts of oxygen to live. True or False
False. They live in places of little oxygen
Lytic Cycle
Reproduction of viruses using the host cell's biomachinery, resulting in lysis of the host cell to release the virions
One type of Archaea is not named for where it lives. What is it?
Methanogens
Gram-positive bacteria are what color when stained
blue
Describe the lysogenic cycle
•DNA injects into host genome and is copied by replication. No transcription or translation occurs
•Host cell divides. Process can continue and virus remains dormant
•Environmental issues change and viral DNA enters the lytic cycle
Firmicutes- low amounts cytosine and guanine
A type of gram-positive bacteria that has low amounts cytosine and guanine
Nitrogen fixation
The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into a nitrogen-containing molecule that organisms can use
A bacterium is sphere shaped. What word would most likely be a part of its name?
cocci
If you are examining a virus-infected cell, will the viruses proteins be the macromolecule to cause the infection?
No the virus' proteins do not need to get into the cell, but its nucleic acid does.
Actinobacteria
A type of gram-positive bacteria that has high amounts cytosine and guanine
What type of Proteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria has bacteria that convert nitrogen to ammonia and convert ammonia to nitrite?
Alphaproteobacteria