DEFINITIONS
Plasmid
A small, circular piece of DNA often found in bacteria
Know how to draw the Sanger Method
ATGC is the format for the chart. See your book
A criminal has left some DNA at the crime. How can I profile them?
DNA fingerprinting(RFLP) or STR profiling
If you get a stem cell and don't kill the organism, can it be called an embryonic stem cell?
No. Embryonic stem cells kill the donor.
If the following is a segment of DNA, is it a palindrome?
GAATTC
CTTATGNo. IT should be CTTAAG in the second line.
Stem Cell
An undifferentiated cell that can mature into many different types of cells
Recombinant DNA
The resulting DNA when DNA from two or more organisms are combined
True or False
Vectors can be used to make transgenic bacteria.
True A plasmid is a vector
Reproductive Cloning
Using adult cells from an adult individual to make a new individual
If I take a cell from a person, alter it, and inject it back into his body, will I get the desired guaranteed?
THis procedure is called ex vivo and no it does not guarantee I will get the desired effect.
Transgenic
An organism that has genetic material from another type of organism
What affects the brightness of the bands in electrophoresis?
number of DNA
What does restriction endonuclease do to DNA?
Cuts it into pieces
If I clone an animal, does it have the DNA of the surrogate donor?
No it has the DNA of the adult donor.
IN CRISPR Cas9 enzyme is attaches to what informational strand?
guide RNA
Gene therapy
Altering genes in order to treat or stop disease
Therapeutic Cloning
Using adult cells to produce various mature adult cells
In cloning an animal, does the donor egg keep its own nucleus through the process?
No the donor egg has its nucleus removed and the nucleus of the donor cell from the adult donor replaced in it.
How many adult animals are in the process of cloning an animal? Name them
3
Donor Adult
Female Egg Donor Adult
Surrogate Adult
De-differentiation
Takes a mature specialized adult cell and makes it become a stem cell by being treated with factors to become a cell that is needed. This cell is called an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs)
Proteomics
The study of proteins produced in an organism
Near what electrode in electrophoresis are the shorter segments of DNA?
the positive electrode
What is the name of the enzyme used in CRISPR?
Cas9 enzyme
If I am using the PCR process to make millions of replications of DNA and I add small pieces of DNA called primers to the sample, what is the name of the step I just completed?
Annealing
Name one positive benefit of a GMO
•Bacteria- make insulin, enzyme to make cheese hard, produce lactose, produce blood clotting factors, can be made to digest oil, bacteria helps in nitrogen fixation to help plants get nitrogen, can prevent ice crystal production on plants,
•Animal husbandry has allowed for stronger animals and being able to live in climates previously inhospitable
•Biopharming animals produced with higher nutritional value
•Agriculture help crop survive weather, pests, and less likely to spoil, some plants be herbicide resistant