Cranial Nerves / Brainstem
Damage to the left facial nerve (VII) results in paralysis where?
Left side of the face
This neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic autonomic neurons.
What is acetylcholine?
A 30-year-old telemarketer did a cannon ball into a stagnant swamp while on vacation. 9 days later he expired from meningoencephalitis. At what anatomic location did this organism gain entry to infect this patient?
cribiform plate
A patient is unable to smoothly touch his right finger to his nose then to a neurologist's finger. When asked to rapidly pronate and supinate his right arm, he is unsuccessful. What structure in the cranial vault is most likely affected?
Right lateral cerebellar hemisphere
This neurotransmitter deficiency is classically associated with depression.
What is serotonin?
A tumor damaging the left meyers loop will result in what visual field defect?
Right homonymous superior quadrantanopia (slice of pie out of the contralateral sky)
This division of the autonomic nervous system uses norepinephrine at most postganglionic synapses.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
A medical student ate peaches that she canned at home a few months ago. She thought it would pair nicely with vanilla ice cream. 13 hours later, she experiences blurry vision and eventually is unable to move at all. In what fashion does this paralysis spread throughout the body?
descends (head -> feet)
A 76 year old woman is brought to the neurology clinic by a concerned family member. The family member expresses that a few months ago the patient began insisting that she sees 200 bunnies inside her house. The family member wonders if this is due to sleep deprivation, as the patient has had trouble getting a full nights rest. You notice that the patient has a slight tremor in her left hand. What protein may be implicated in the development of this patient's symptoms?
Alpha-synuclein
This anxiety disorder involves persistent worry about multiple areas of life for 6 months or longer.
What is generalized anxiety disorder?
Demyelination of the medial longitudinal fasciculus would result in what eye movement disorder seen in Multiple Sclerosis?
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
Damage to this nerve causes “wrist drop.”
What is the radial nerve?
A sample taken from a neonate that expired from meningitis is grown on MacConkey agar. What is the virulence factor of this organism that leads to CNS infections?
K antigen (capsule)
A 41-year-old male arrives at his physician's office with the inability to detect touch in both of his legs and states that he has felt very off-balance over the past week. When asked to close his eyes and to stand still with his arms out in front of him, he begins to sway and almost falls over. Hyporeflexia is noticed in both legs. Where might his damage be?
Posterior columns at the lumbar level
This personality disorder features unstable relationships, fear of abandonment, and impulsivity.
What is borderline personality disorder?
3 symptoms you may see in Wallenberg Syndrome?
Nystagmus, vertigo, Horner's syndrome, contralateral loss in pain/temperature, dysphagia, hoarseness
This sensory receptor adapts slowly and senses pressure, joint position, and deep static touch (e.g., reading Braille).
What are Merkel discs?
What histological feature would be found in the cytoplasm of neurons infected with rabies?
Negri bodies
A 55-year-old professional beatboxer noticed the abrupt onset of involuntary movements of his right side. His right arm and leg would make large, violent, flailing movements that interfered with his profession. The most likely site of damage was his
Left subthalamic nucleus
This medication class is first-line for PTSD.
What are SSRIs?
A 62-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation presents with sudden onset of right-sided weakness and diplopia. Examination reveals left eye ptosis with the eye deviated laterally and downward, a dilated left pupil that is unreactive to light, and right-sided hemiparesis affecting the face, arm, and leg. There is no sensory deficit, ataxia, or tremor. In what region would you expect ischemia? What side?
Ventral left midbrain
This autoimmune disorder causes antibodies against presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels.
What is Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome?
List these features of CSF collected from a patient with Aseptic meningitis:
Are lymphocytes present?
Glucose decreased, normal, or increased?
Protein decreased, normal, or increased?
Lymphocytes present
Normal Glucose
Slightly increased protein
A 24-year-old male was in a recent car accident. He presents with a loss of touch and proprioception on his left leg, body, and arm; loss of pain and temperature sensation on the right side of his leg, body, and arm; paralysis of his left arm; and hyperreflexia in the left leg with a positive Babinski sign in the left foot. Where might this damage be to account for all of the symptoms?
Left-sided hemicord damage in cervical region
This disorder involves delusions or hallucinations lasting >1 month but <6 months, without functional decline.
What is schizophreniform disorder?