BB4+5

Structures

200

What structure(s) supply the brain stem?

Vertebral artery (and its branches)

Basilar artery (and its branches)

200

Name the structures (in the brain) that hold the thalamus in a tonic inhibition.

Are these structures activated in the resting state of this system?

Globus Pallidus (interna) and Substantia Nigra

Yes

300

What structure would an aneurysm causing diplopia, dilated pupil, inability to adduct left eye be located in? (Only the most likely location will be correct)

Bifurcation of basilar artery

Cause and effect

200

Effect of UMN lesion on gait. Please volunteer a member to demonstrate

UMN causes flexion in upper limbs and extension in lower limbs

Circumduction gait 

200

The effect of a posterior cerebral artery occlusion on a student's performance on an MST

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia 

Memory disturbances

300

The effect of Dopamine on D2 receptor

Inhibits the indirect pathway which has a role in initiating movement through removing/inhibiting the Thalamus role in tonic inhibition of movement.

D2 alone does not initiate movement???

Same but different

200

Name 2 similarities and 1 difference between symptoms of:

Normal pressure hydrocephalus and Parkinson's disease

Similarities: Cognitive impairment, Gait disturbances

Differences: Anything else

200

Name 1 similarity and 1 difference between an

UMN lesion and a basal ganglia lesion

Similarity: No muscle atrophy, affects contralateral side

Difference: BG - no paralysis nor weakness

300

Name 2 similarities and 2 differences between the:

Premotor cortex and Supplementary cortex

Same: Planning of movements, project to PMC, roles in making complex, joint movements, lesions can cause movement dysfunction, within brodmann area 6

Diff: PMC - externally initiated and guided movements with sensory associations

SMA - Bilateral, internally generated sequences of movements, habitual sequences

Numbers

200

How many cardinal symptoms of parkinson's disease are there?

Name them (with appropriate medical terminology)

4

Resting Tremor, Rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability

200

Determine the number of locations where a lesion can cause hemiplegia sparing face

Motor cortex without face cortical region involved

Damage inferior to CNVII fibers but above pyramidal decussation

Damage after decussation

300

How many structures does a signal carrying voluntary muscle contraction pass through?

PMC > Corona radiata > internal capsule > Brainstem > Pyramids > Spinal cord > LMN