Genetics Basics
What is the study of how parents give traits to their children?
Genetics
What type of plant did Gregor Mendel experiment on?
Peas
In pedigrees circles represent females and squares represent males. T/F
True.
A trait can never skip generations. T/F
False.
What is a gene?
A portion of a chromosome that codes for a particular trait.
What were the parent flowers in Mendel's experiment?
True-breeding/homozygous Purple and True-breeding/homozygous white.
(1/2 the points if you just put purple or white)
In a pedigree, shading means an individual does not have the trait you are investigating. T/F
False.
How many alleles are there per gene?
2.
Who is the Austrian monk who is the “Father of Genetics?"
Gregor Mendel
What color were the flowers in the F1 generation of Mendel's experiment?
Purple
+100 if you include heterozygous or Pp
What is the difference between a Punnett square and pedigree.
A Punnett square shows you how likely it is for offspring to have certain traits, a pedigree is a geneti family tree that actually shows you what traits are present.
Give an example of a genotype and phenotype.
Genotype: Aa, AA, aa
Phenotype: blond hair, brown eyes, tall, etc.
What is an allele and give an example of one.
A form/version of a trait.
Example: Brown, blond, red hair
Example: Brown, Blue, Green eyes
What percentage of the F2 generation in Mendel's epxeriment were purple and white?
75% purple and 25% white
You are crossing 2 chicks. Having yellow feathers is dominant and having white feathers is recessive. If both parents are Ff, what are the genotype and phenotype percentages of the offspring?
*HINT: You will need to make a Punnett Square to do this.
Genotype: 25% FF, 50% Ff, 25% ff
Phenotype: 75% yellow feathers and 25% white feathers.
How are homozygous and heterozygous different?
Homozygous means both alleles are the same (AA or aa). Heterozygous means the alleles are different (Aa).
1/2 points if you don't include the examples.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is the allele combination that an organism has and phenotype is the trait you observe.
Through his experiment, Mendel learned that there were dominant and recessive traits. What is the difference between a dominant and recessive allele?
You only need 1 dominant allele (uppercase letter) to see the dominant trait; you need 2 recessive alleles (lowercase letters) to see the recessive trait.
You are crossing 2 butterflies. Having long antennae is dominant and having short antennae is recessive. If one parent is heterozygous and the other is homozygous dominant, what are the genotype and phenotype percentages of the offspring?
*HINT: You will need to make a Punnett Square to do this.
Genotype: 50% BB; 50% Bb
Phenotype: 100% long antennae
Your DNA/genes is the only thing that controls the traits you have. T/F
False- the environment plays a role too.