Research Strategies
A relationship where one variable covaries with another.
What is a Correlation?
Survey research is exclusively _______.
What is correlational?
One should always conduct a __________ before doing any inferential statistics.
What is exploratory data analysis?
You get this statistic from testing a null hypothesis and it is often used to show level of significance.
What is P-value?
A concise summary of a research paper that is accurate and nonevaluative.
What is an abstract?
This term is used to form and evaluate explanations for observed relationships.
What is Hypothesis?
Age, Gender, Religion, and Ethinicity refer to this type of information.
What is demographic? (Bonus: independent variables)
A histogram works best for what kind of variables?
What is both ordinal categories and continuous variables?
This type of statistics makes assumptions about the characteristics of an underlying population distribution.
What is parametric statistics?
Common subsections in the methods section include ______ and ______.
What is participants and materials?
This problem is common in correlational research, where it is hard to draw clear causal influences and specify which direction it points.
What is directionality problem?
This would be the variable or behavior being measured in a research study.
What is the dependent variable?
A measure of the asymmetry of an ideally symmetric probability distribution.
What is skewness?
The range of values within which the true population percentage is likely to fall with a specified probability, upon repeated samplings.
What is a confidence interval?
Lifting material verbatim from a source or sources even when providing proper citations.
What is known as lazy writing?
Controlling for a third variable is important when dealing with this type of threat to a study's validity.
What is internal validity?
A five-point scale commonly used in questionairres.
What is a Likert scale?
What is included in the five-number summary?
What is minimum score, first quartile, median, third quartile and maximum score?
When would we be likely to reject the null hypothesis, in a well-powered experimental drug study?
What is when the treatment proves to be effective? (Bonus for noting: that it could also be detrimental if 2-sided p-values are used.)
When should you express numbers 10 or greater in words?
What is at the beginning of a sentence, when representing common fractions, and in universally accepted usages?
This is a very useful and important way to control (or redistribute third variables) in an experimental study.
What is Random-Assignment?
A type of study design which recruits participants based on if they have a disease.
What is a prospective case-control study?
Most widely used measure of spread for population-representative samples.
What is standard error of the mean?
Even if there is a measurable difference between different samples using null hypothesis testing, it doesn't mean that it will be important.
What is practical (or clinical) significance?
How should one avoid biased language in writing?
What is using person-centered language, providing specific descriptions, and acknowledging participants in your research?