Make a Schedule
Every time a pigeon pecks at the wall, it is reinforced with a food pellet. This type of reinforcement schedule is present in this example.
Fixed Ratio, Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
All of the four, main categorized functions of behaviour related to these types of consequences.
Reinforcement and punishment
Any consequence that results in a behaviour increasing can be referred to as this.
Reinforcement
In Ontario, in order to be able to legally call yourself a "Behaviour Analyst", you must be registered with this organization.
The College of Psychologists and Behaviour Analysts of Ontario
This signals the availability of reinforcement.
Discriminative stimulus (SD)
At work every second Thursday of the month, your friend from a different department visits you and you have lunch together. On those Thursdays, you seem to always complete all of your work tasks before lunch. This kind of reinforcement schedule is likely present in this example.
Fixed Interval
Your neighbour asks you to clear their walkway of snow and offer you $10 to complete this task because they do not have time to complete this task. You complete the task and get paid $10. What are 1. The function(s) of the behaviours and 2. The kind(s) of reinforcement that may be involved in this example.
1. Tangible reinforcement. 2. Socially mediated positive reinforcement for you shoveling the driveway.
1. Escape. 2. Negative reinforcement for the neighbour asking you to shovel the driveway.
Punishment and this phenomenon both result in the decrease of behaviour. However, this phenomenon differs from punishment because it does not involve behaviour being followed by consequences.
Extinction
Before the regulation of ABA in Ontario, this international certification board had created ethical codes for behaviour analysts to follow.
Behaviour Analyst Certification Board (BACB)
This is an antecedent stimulus that changes the value of consequence and impacts the probability of a behaviour occurring.
Motivating operation
A basketball player is practicing their jump shot. They make a lot of their shots, but the shots are made inconsistently. This seems to make the player continue to practice. This type of reinforcement schedule is likely present in this example.
Variable ratio
You have a mosquito bite. It's very itchy. You scratch the bite, and the itch goes away for a little while. What are 1. The function(s) of the behaviour and 2. The kind(s) of reinforcement that may be involved in this example.
You are playing a Jeopardy game in class. You answer a question. Every time you answer a question, you are given a candy. You answer more questions as you continue to accumulate candy. This is likely functioning as positive reinforcement.
Candy
This is the professional association for behaviour analysts in Ontarion.
The Ontarion Association for Behaviour Analysis (ONTABA)
Consequences that decrease behaviour are known as this.
Punishers/Punishment
A student is studying for the BBP182 Exam. Every now and then (sometimes every 10 minutes, sometimes, every 30 minutes etc.) the student's partner tells them they are impressed that the student is working so hard. This results in the student continuing to study. This type of reinforcement schedule is likely present in this example.
Variable interval schedule
A child cries. The child's parent picks them up and sings to them. The next time the child sees their parent, they cry. What are 1. The function(s) of the behaviour(s) and 2. The kind(s) of reinforcement that may be involved in this example.
1. Attention. 2. Socially mediated positive reinforcement for the crying.
1. Escape. 2. Negative reinforcement for the parent picking the child up and singing to the child.
One day you go for a walk and you encounter a dog barking at you in a specific location. The next day you go for a walk again, but take a different route to avoid/escape the barking dog. Your behaviour of taking the route with the barking dog has been.
Positively punished
Van Houten and colleagues (1988) outlined six of these.
Rights in relation to effective behavioural treatment
Consequences that increase behaviours are known as this.
Reinforcers/Reinforcement.
A sales team hits their monthly sales targets three months in a row. The district manager gives every employee on the sales team a bonus at the end of each month. In the fourth month, the sales team hits their sales targets again. The district manager does not give the employees a bonus at the end of the fourth month. In the fifth and sixth months, the sales team does not hit its monthly sales targets. This phenomenon has likely occurred.
Ratio strain
An employee is asked by their supervisor to move some boxes in the back room of a store. The employee makes a face, touches their back, and says "my back hurts". The next day, the supervisor does not ask the employee to move the boxes. What are 1. The function(s) of the behaviour(s) and 2. The kind(s) of reinforcement/punishment that may be involved in this example.
1. Escape. 2. Negative reinforcement for the employee saying their back hurts.
1. No function. 2. Positive punishment for the supervisor asking the employee to move boxes.
One day you go for a walk and you encounter a dog barking at you in a specific location. The next day you go for a walk again, but take a different route to avoid/escape the barking dog. The different route does not result in you seeing a barking dog and you begin to take the new route regularly. Your behaviour of taking a new route has been.
Negatively reinforced
Standards of practice, ethical codes, and regulation of professions exist to promote this/these.
Safety/protection on service users, protection/integrity of professions, conforming with laws/societal norms.
Money, gold stars, high-fives, and praise are all examples of this this class of reinforcers/reinforcement.
Conditioned