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ignoring is to _________ extinction as withholding maintaining reinforcers is ________ extinction
a. functional, topographic
b. respondent, operant
c. procedural, negative
d. procedural, functional
d. procedural, functional
"1. unzip knapsack 2. take out folder 3. place folder in bin 4. take out lunchbox 5. place lunchbox in cubicle" is likely a(n) _______ to a complex behavior chain
a. chaining
b. task analysis
c. sequence analysis
d. none of the above
b. task analysis
which of the following statement is correct about primary reinforcers?
a. not all primary reinforcers are required to sustain life at birth
b. food, money, warmth, praise, are primary reinforcers
c. praise, shelter, water, food are primary enforcers
d. none of the above
a. not all primary reinforcers are required to sustain life at birth
Susan took data on her student's behavior. this exemplifies which attributes of science?
a. replication
b. empiricism
c. experimentation
d. determinism
b. empiricism
in regards to scale breaks :
a. trend lines cannot be used to estimate trends for data that crosses a scale break in the vertical axis
b. a data series that crosses a phase change from one condition to another should be treated like two separate data series
c. generally, trend lines should not be used if the data series crosses a scale break in the horizontal axis
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
the steeper the slope on a cumulative record indicates:
a. the higher the response rate
b. the higher the variability of the data
c. the increase of level
d. none of the above
a. the higher the response rate
when baseline data shows variability, one might use this experimental design
a. alternating treatment
b. multiple baseline
c. multiple treatment
d. reversal
a. alternating treatment
"what does the behavior look like?" might be a question asked in a(n) :
a. descriptive assessment
b. direct observation
c. indirect assessment
d. indirect observation
c. indirect assessment
Beth is shaping Celia on her running sprint. Beth reinforces running a mile in 10 minutes before increasing the criterion to running a mile in 8 minutes. Beth is :
a. shaping within topographical response class
b. shaping across topographical response class
c. shaping within stimulus class
d. shaping across stimulus class
a. shaping within topographical response class
Lori is using a derivative measurement to calculate her observation data. she is likely to be using _________
a. event recording
b. frequency
c. percent of occurrence or non-occurrence
d. all of the above
c. percent of occurrence or non-occurrence
Lisa is evaluating video modeling as the intervention to teach sequences of a complex behavior chain. the design she will likely use is the :
a. changing criterion design
b. multiple baseline across a few settings
c. multiple treatment reversal design
d. multiple probe design
d. multiple probe design
sitting close to the learner or just being in the classroom to conduct an observation might alter both the staff and learner's behaviors. this might be due to:
a. procedural drift
b. reactivity
c. learner's maturation
d. all of the above
b. reactivity
Johnny mastered labeling scissors of all types (different sizes and colors). at home, while using scissors to do crafts, his brother asked "Johnny can you give me something to cut these strings with?" Johnny responded "I don't know." a receptive program that is likely to help Johnny might be
a. practice correct responding using SD "Give me scissors"
b. labeling scissors using more exemplars
c. receptive by feature / functions / class on scissors
d. practice correct responding using SD "point to yellow scissors"
c. receptive by feature / functions / class on scissors
Logan used a structured behavioral interview such as the functional assessment interview tool. he is conducting a(n) :
a. descriptive assessment
b. indirect analysis
c. indirect assessment
d. descriptive interviews
c. indirect assessment
to teach conditional discrimination :
a. we should start with two or more comparison stimuli
b. we should start with one stimulus in the array
c. we should not use any sample stimulus
d. none of the above
a. we should start with two or more comparison stimuli
Jim is an OBM consultant and is consulting to a company that manufactures widgets. He has been asked to find ways to increase profits and productivity. His interventions obtained the outcomes the company wanted but employees world long hours and some jeopardized their health.
a. Jim did not do anything wrong
b. Jim violated ethical guidelines because he considered productivity as a goal and benefit
c. Jim violated ethical guidelines because he did not consider benefits and welfare of the employees
d. ethics do not apply in this situation
c. Jim violated ethical guidelines because he did not consider benefits and welfare of the employees
in teaching concept formation of a car, one should teach what a car is by :
a. showing a picture of a car
b. turning the car's engine on
c. provide a definition of a car
d. teach features and non-features of cars
d. teach features and non-features of cars
John would like to decrease one problem behavior for all 6 children in the class. A design he might use to demonstrate experimental control by showing the behavior is decreased when and only when the intervention is applied without withdrawing the treatment might be :
a. multi-element
b. multiple schedule
c. multiple baseline
d. multiple reversals
c. multiple baseline
in baseline, data points show 2,4, and 6. in intervention, data points show 8, 10, and 12. was the intervention effective in increasing the behavior?
a. yes the level changed so it must be an effective intervention
b. yes the trend changed so it must be an effective intervention
c. no the level did not increase
d. no the trend line indicated no behavior change
d. no the trend line indicated no behavior change
although Jen was able to observe her learner across 5 days, observation conducted vary in times of day and elapsed time. Jen is likely to use _______ to graph her data on the number of head bangs the learner engaged in across 5 days of observation.
a. rate
b. frequency
c. trial to criterion
d. none of the above
a. rate
Lauren is a BCBA coordinating a home program for a 7 year old learner who is highly aggressive. Lauren has handled aggressive children in the past. Lauren has a new staff member (Jamie) who has been working less than a month in the field. Lauren assigns herself to work with Jamie for a week. although Jamie is not using the strategies independently, Lauren discontinues training and Jamie gets beaten up on her third day.
a. Lauren did not violate any ethical guidelines
b. Lauren violated ethical guidelines because adequate training needs to be provided to supervisees. one week of training might not be enough for someone who has only one month experience to work with a highly aggressive learner
c. Lauren violated ethical guidelines but this situation is typical and acceptable
d. none of the above
b. Lauren violated ethical guidelines because adequate training needs to be provided to supervisees. one week of training might not be enough for someone who has only one month experience to work with a highly aggressive learner
which of the following statements is true regarding functional behavior assessment?
a. indirect assessment does not meet any level of scientific rigor
b. you don't have to conduct one if the behavior is stereotypy which is maintained by automatic reinforcement
c. indirect assessment is the lowest scientific investigation and meets only the "description" level of rigor
d. none of the above
a. indirect assessment does not meet any level of scientific rigor
you carpool to work with several colleagues. one of your colleagues talks too much and on subjects that are of no interest to you. as a result, you turned on the radio and cranked up the volume to drown him out. in the future when you ride with him, you will continue to turn on the radio to a high volume when he starts babbling. turning on the radio is influential by ____________ and in particular, a(n) _____________ behavior.
a. positive reinforcement
b. negative reinforcement, avoidance
c. negative reinforcement, escape
d. discriminated avoidance, free-operant avoidance
c. negative reinforcement, escape
Tom arriving late to class. Teacher 1 said "I'm sure he was daydreaming about his weekend and got lost roaming around the hallways" Teacher 2 said "Since the buses arrived late to school, this might have explained his tardiness." Teacher 2's statement exemplifies which attitudes of science?
a. experimentation
b. empiricism
c. replication
d. parsimony
d. parsimony
Wanda is using aversive to decrease her learner's hand flapping as it was impeding on learning. positive forms of intervention have not been attempted. hand flapping was reduced by 50% in one week. Wanda might not have considered :
a. social validity of goals
b. social validity of intervention
c. social validity of outcomes
d. Wanda considered all 3 types of social validity
b. social validity of intervention