Sugars
This is the difference between a ketose and an aldose.
What is a ketose has a double bonded O on the second carbon and an aldose has a double bonded O on the first carbon?
This is the main source of immediate energy in cells
What is ATP?
This enzyme results in a 6-carbon molecule becoming two 3-carbon molecules
What is aldolase?
This is what a committed step is
What is the reaction/step at which the reaction is committed to the intended product?
This is the hormone released when you have low blood sugar
What is glucagon?
This hexose becomes a furan when cyclized
What is fructose?
This is why ATP is involved in reactions
What is reaction coupling due to ATP hydrolysis being highly favorable (-delta G)?
This is the 'seed' for glycogen and the key amino acid on it
What are glycogenin and tyrosine?
These are the regulatory enzymes that would be affected by an excess of G6P
What are hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphatase?
This is what processes your body will do while running after carboloading
What are glycogen breakdown and glycolysis?
These polysaccharides store energy in plants and animals respectively
What are starch and glycogen?
These are the three steps of breaking food down into energy
What is breaking larger molecules down into smaller molecules, processing small molecules into key metabolic molecules, and producing ATP?
This is the enzyme and product of the reaction in the liver with oxaloacetate as the substrate (full names)
What are PEP carboxykinase and phosphoenolpyruvate?
This is what happens to glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase to build up a storage of sugar
What is dephosphorylation?
Someone is presenting with severe fatigue and shortness of breath. After an A1C test, it is clear that this is the hormone you should administer
What is insulin?
This is the disaccharide known as table sugar and the two monosaccharides that make it up
What are sucrose and glucose and fructose?
This is how many calories are in food with 6 g of carbs, 10 g of protein, and 4 grams of fat
What is 100 calories?
What is dehydrogenase?
These are the enzymes insulin/glucagon can affect
What are PFK-2, glycogen synthase, and glycogen phosphorylase?
If you are unable to raise your blood sugar without glycogen, you could be missing this vitamin (cofactor)
What is biotin?
This is the linkage found in sucrose
What is α1->β2?
What is charge repulsion, resonance stabilization, and stabilization by hydration?
These are all the possible fates of G6P in a muscle cell
What are pyruvate, lactate, glycogen, and acetyl CoA?
These are all the molecules that can affect PFK-1
What are ATP/ADP/AMP and F-2,6BP (PFK-2) (and citrate)?
If you find yourself getting sore too quickly, you be low in this cofactor/prosthetic group
What is iron?