Photosynthesis
Photosynthetic reactions centers are embedded in these membranes
Thylakoids
Diploid multicellular phase of plant life cycles
Sporophyte
Proterozoic
Endosymbiosis
The "C" in RUBISCO refers to its substrate, which is also a greenhouse gas
Carbon dioxide
Enzyme that functions as both a carboxylase and an oxygenase
Rubisco
A unicellular phase that does not occur in animal life cycles
Spore
This shortest and most recent eon is the combination of Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic
Phanerozoic
This pigment, used in oxygen-producing photosynthesis, is shared by chloroplasts and cyanobacteria
Chlorophyll A
How many carbon molecules are found in phosphoenolpyruvate, or PEP?
Three
Conversion of ADP and Phosphate to ATP requires this proton pumping apparatus
ATP synthase
In plants, the process that produces unicellular gametes
Mitosis
In this first period of the Phanerozoic eon, there were fish in the sea but not plants on land
Cambrian period
The neo-biology of plastids begins with this phase
pro-plastid
Conceptualizing photosynthesis as an oxidation-reduction process, Carbon Dioxide is reduced. What is oxidized?
Water
Nickname for the light-independent photosynthetic reduction cycle
C3 or Calvin Cycle
The first plants to invade land were multi-cellular and also this
Haploid dominant
This "middle era" and the dinosaurs are what followed the Permian period's mass extinction,
Mesozoic
How plastids reproduce
Binary fission
hydrogen ions lacking an electron are the same as these sub-atomic particles
protons
Critically important five-carbon sugar with two phosphate groups
RuBP or Ribulose Bis-phosphate
Like "anisogamy" which refers to two types of gametes, this term refers to two types of spores
heterospory
The well-established time of an asteroid-related extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous period
65 million years ago
This substance found in amyloplasts also accumulates in chloroplasts on sunny days
Starch
A co-factor to ATP, required for multiple carbon-reducing steps in the Calvin cycle