Measurement
________ refers to how many times a behavior occurs.
Frequency
Duration
Latency
Rate
Frequency
Target behaviors should be operationally defined, in terms that are
Clear and explicit
Opinion based
Unclear and not specific
Only understood by one person
Clear and explicit
The removal of a prompt is ______________.
Prompt fading
Stimulus
Classical conditioning
Behavior modification
Prompt fading
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior - The intervention that involves delivering reinforcement when a specific appropriate behavior occurs AND withholding reinforcement when a problem behavior is demonstrated.
True
False
True
Why type of responses do newborn babies demonstrate? Conditioned Behavior or Unconditioned Behavior.
Unconditioned
Discontinuous measurements are conducted in a way in which ALL instances of a response class are detected and recorded during an observation period. True or False
False
Jacob doesn’t like to do his math problems. When the teacher passes out the math worksheet, Jacob says a bad word. The teacher puts Jacob in timeout (removes the task and directs Jacob to a calm down area) for using inappropriate language. After a few minutes, Jacob is asked to return to his desk. Jacob continues to use inappropriate language throughout the math and is then sent to the office. Jacob does not complete his math work.
What is the most likely function of Jacob's behavior?
Avoid/Escape
What types of events does a student want to escape or avoid? (List them all)
Attention/People
Tangibles
Tasks/activities
Sensory experiences
What is the intervention that includes identifying responses that the student will do when asked with a high likelihood?
Behavioral Momentum
Effective use of punishment ---> Does the behavior increase or decrease?
Decrease
When reviewing a graph, you see an increasing trend in the data. This always means the behavior is improving. True or False.
False
Remember that when defining a behavior to change, it must pass the Dead Man Test. So, which of the following statements is focused on a behavior?
I want to determine how often Debra cries while her parents are getting her to sleep at night
I want to determine how many times Debra is quiet while her parents are getting her to sleep at night.
I want to determine how often Debra cries while her parents are getting her to sleep at night
A program that consists of the sequence of steps that need to be completed to successfully participate in an activity (e.g. tooth brushing program) is called:
Task analysis
Discrete trial teaching
Natural environment teaching
Applied behavior analysis
Task analysis
What does "Positive" mean when discussing reinforcement or punishment?
You are adding something
What does "Negative" mean when discussing reinforcement or punishment?
Take something away
When paraprofessional or other behavior team member is observing a student and collecting A-B-C data, this is an example of __________
Interview
Indirect observation
Direct observation
Best guess
Direct observation
What are the two major function categories?
To obtain/maintain
To escape/Avoid
Engaging in the same behavior response in the presence of different untrained stimuli (with similarities to a trained stimulus) is called _________________.
Natural learning
Response generalization
Discrete trial
Stimulus generalization
Stimulus generalization
What type of intervention (teaching techniques) involves teaching each step of an activities and potentially having a different prompt level for each step?
Whole Task Chaining
A key meaning of the word "Applied" within Applied Behavior Analysis is.........
a. using reinforcement to make changes
b. using punishment to make changes
c. making a socially significant change
d. creating compliance in the client
c. socially significant change
What type of discontinuous measurement is this: Target behavior is recorded if it occurs for the entire duration of the interval.
Partial interval recording
Whole interval recording
Momentary time sample
Permanent product recording
Whole interval recording
What types events does a student want to obtain? (List them all)
Tangible
Attention
Sensory experiences
Activities/Tasks
How often should you reinforce a student who is learning a new skill?
Every time they demonstrate the behavior
Changing something about the environment by manipulating some aspect of the physical/social environment before the behavior occurs to prevent the behavior is called: _____________
Fading
Stimulus generalization
Reinforcement
Antecedent modification
Antecedent Intervention
Effective use of reinforcement---> Does the behavior increase or decrease?
Increase
The elapsed time between a cue/prompt/instruction and the initiation of the intended action that has been cued is what type of data?
Latency
From the options provided.....What type of preference assessment is described below?
You bring your student into a room with a variety of toys.
Your student is given free access to all of the toys.
Once the student chooses a toy, you start a timer to determine the length of time your student engages with the chosen toy and summarize how the student interacts with the toy.
You stop the timer when they are done playing with that toy.
You continue this methodology each time the student engages with a toy
In the end, you have a list of times played with each toy. Now you can rank the toys by highest amount of time played with to least amount of time played with.
Free Operant
Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement
Paired Stimulus
Single Stimulus
Free Operant
How often should you reinforce a behavior that has been mastered?
Every time?
Every few times?
Every few times
What type of intervention (on the BIP) involves changing the seating arrangement in your classroom?
Environmental Changes
You see the word "three-term contingency", what words go with this?
Antecedent, Behavior, Conseqence
ABC!
Which of the following is a purpose or benefit of graphical display?
Ongoing access to a complete record of client’s behavior
Continuous contact with data
Helps determine significance of behavioral change
All of the above
All of the above
In the following scenario, What is the most relevant antecedent to Ashley’s maladaptive behavior? (use A-B-C) data)
While shopping with her mom, Ashley asks her mother for a toy. Ashley’s mother tells her “No”. Ashley begins to cry and scream “I want it!” Ashley’s mother does not buy the toy for Ashley.
Ashley’s mother tells her “No” when she asks for a toy
Ashley is shopping with her mom
Ashley begins to cry and scream
Ashley’s mother does not buy her the toy
Ashley’s mother tells her “No” when she asks for a toy
____________ involves creating an environment in which students’ can express their interests and adults incorporate specific goals while the student is interacting with their preferred activities, objects, and interactions.
Prompting
Chaining
Incidental teaching (Natural environment teaching)
Reinforcement
Incidental teaching (Natural environment teaching)
What type of intervention (on the BIP) involves chunking information that you are having the student learn?
Instructional and Curriculum changes.
Is the value of "money" conditioned or unconditioned?
Conditioned